摘要
目的探索电焊烟尘职业暴露新的评价方法,分析电焊烟尘在呼吸道的沉积规律,为预测电焊工尘肺的风险概率及实施风险管理提供技术依据。方法选择某工程机械车间男性电焊作业工人为研究对象,进行电焊烟尘的职业暴露评价;采用国家标准方法对工作场所空气中电焊烟尘浓度进行检测,在实测数据基础上运用MPPD软件模拟电焊烟尘颗粒物在呼吸道的沉积规律,并采用蒙特卡罗方法分别模拟该车间电焊工的日暴露量、日潜在剂量和日作用剂量的概率分布。结果 90%的电焊工日暴露量、日潜在剂量分别超过17.43 mg/(d·m3)、11.46 mg/d;50%的电焊工日暴露量、日潜在剂量分别大于46.64 mg/(d·m3)、30.78 mg/d;电焊烟尘在电焊工肺部的作用剂量占潜在剂量的比率为7.5%;电焊烟尘浓度对于潜在剂量、作用剂量的贡献度最高可达93%;日暴露时长次之;呼吸速率贡献率最低。结论职业暴露评估是风险分析的关键步骤,有必要对电焊作业环境的工人进行深入细致地暴露评估。本文展示的暴露剂量评价方法能够真实反映电焊烟尘颗粒物进入人体呼吸系统的量,可为电焊工电焊烟尘职业健康风险评价提供理论依据,对保护电焊作业劳动者职业健康具有重要意义。
Objective To study a new method of assessing occupational exposure to welding fume in workplaces, further understand the rule of welding fume deposited in human respiratory tracts, and provide a technical basis for predicting the risk probability of welders＇ pneumoconiosis and implementing risk management. Methods Male welders in certain engineering ma- chinery workshop were chosen as objectives for assessing the welding fume occupational exposure; the welding fume dust concen- trations in workplaces air were measured by national standardized method, which were used for simulating the deposition rule of welding fume in human respiratory tracts by MPPD software, meantime, the probability distribution of daily exposure masses, daily potential dose, applied dose of the welders were obtained by Monte Carlo simulation. Results The results showed that in 90% of welders, the daily exposure dose and daily potential dose exceeded 17.43mg/ （d · m3） and 11.46 mg/d respectively, and 50% of them even exceeded 46. 64 mg/ （ d · m3 ） and 30. 78 mg/d respectively. Moreover, the ratio of daily-applied dose in lung to daily potential dose was 7. 5%, while the contribution of welding fume concentration to the potential dose and applied dose was the maximal, which could reach 93%, the secondary was the daily exposure duration, the contribution of inhalation rate was the lowest. Conclusion Occupational exposure assessment is the key step of hazard risk analysis, therefore it is neces- sary to investigate the fume exposure of working environment in more careful and deep-going way. The method showed in the pa- per could truly reflect the amount of welding fume particles entered into human respiratory system then provide a technical basis for occupational health risk assessment of welding fume, therefore, it had important significance for protecting welder＇s health.
出处
《中国工业医学杂志》
CAS
2016年第3期163-166,192,F0003,共6页
Chinese Journal of Industrial Medicine
基金
天津市科技支撑重点项目(No.13ZCZDSY02300)
关键词
职业暴露
暴露评价
电焊烟尘
蒙特卡罗模拟
MPPD软件
occupational exposure
exposure assessment
welding fume
Monte Carlo simulation
Multiple-Path Particle Dosimetry （MPPD）
