摘要
为了确定现有相对湿度自动观测与人工观测数据是否具有可比较性以及它们之间的偏差情况,利用全国保留人工观测的8个国家基准气候站2007—2013年的自动与人工观测相对湿度的整点资料进行比对分析,结果表明:自动气象站相对湿度的观测结果系统性低于人工观测结果,且随着相对湿度增加,两者系统偏差增大,系统偏差为-5.69%^-0.1%,标准偏差为2.02%~4.71%;夏季自动观测与人工观测相对湿度的差异最大且与环境风速有关,在低风速下自动观测与人工观测差异较大,随着风速增大,差异逐渐减小;气温对相对湿度观测也有一定影响;两类观测逐小时数据未见明显的时间差异;自动观测与人工观测相对湿度偏差,清晨相对湿度较高时高湿地区台站偏差较大,下午相对湿度低时偏差较小。
In 2012, the artificial meteorological observation is replaced by auto weather station in China. More than 2300 surface weather stations begin to use automatic weather observation system, and only 8 national reference climatological stations retain long-term manual observation. Great changes have taken place in observational rules and methods of automatic weather stations comparing with manual observations. Inho- mogeneity of data series may be caused by many causes and the change of observational instrument is an important one, and therefore comprehensive comparisons are demanded to gain understanding of their differences. In order to determine the comparability of automatically-observed and manually-observed relative hu- midity and find out differences between them, the integral point observations from 2007 to 2013 of 8 na- tional reference climatological stations which retain long-term manual observation are analyzed. Analysis results show that the average relative humidity observed by automatic way is from --5.69% to --0.1% lower than that by manual way, and the standard deviation is 2.02%--4.71%. As the humidity rises, the system error of the two increases. Differences between automatically-observed and manually-observed rela- tive humidity are most significant in summer, and related to the wind speed. The difference is obvious un- der low speed conditions and it decreases gradually as the wind speed increases. The observation of relative humidity is also influenced by the ambient temperature. There is no significant time difference between two types of the hourly observation. The daily variation of differences between automatically-observed and manually-observed relative humidity have a rising trend in the early morning when the relative humidity is higher, especially in the high humid area, and have a dropping trend in the afternoon when the relative hu- midity is low. The relative humidity data of 8 national reference climatological stations observed by inner screen psy- chrometer and the hair hygromete
出处
《应用气象学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2016年第3期370-379,共10页
Journal of Applied Meteorological Science
基金
中国气象局气象关键技术集成与应用重点项目(CMAGJ2015Z16)
中国气象局气象探测中心青年基金项目(MOCQNJJ201409)
关键词
相对湿度
自动观测
人工观测
比对分析
relative humidity
automatic observation
manual observation
comparative analysis
