摘要
目的通过分析郑州市手足口病疫情,掌握其流行病学分布特征,为科学防控提供依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法,SPSS 13.0和Excel 2003软件录入分析,对郑州市2011—2014年手足口病流行病学情况进行统计分析。结果 2011—2014年郑州市手足口病例共计53 825例,其中重症1 006例,死亡20例;全年每个月份均有发病,发病高峰在4—5月份,占46.89%;病例主要以5岁以下儿童为主,共52 520例,占93.27%;男女发病比为1.52∶1;散居儿童、幼托儿童分布占总病例的74.75%和23.35%。肠道病毒71型（EV 71）阳性率为56.70%（931/1 642）,柯萨奇病毒A16型（Cox A16）阳性率为15.83%（260/1 642）,其他肠道病毒阳性率为27.47%（463/1 642）。病原类型差异有统计学意义（χ^2=75.475,P〈0.01）。重症病例中EV 71阳性占85.14%,普通病例中EV 71阳性占46.16%,重症与普通病例EV 71阳性率差异有统计学意义（χ^2=200.43,P〈0.01）。结论郑州市手足口病每年4—5月达到高峰,男性高于女性,主要以散居儿童和幼托儿童为主,EV 71是重症病例的主要病原体。加强社会干预,在托幼机构和社区落实综合性防控措施是控制该病的关键。
[Objective] To analyze the epidemic situation of hand-foot-mouth disease（HFMD） in Zhengzhou City,learn its epidemiological characteristics,and provide the evidences of scientific control and prevention.[Methods]By using SPSS 13.0 and excel 2003,the epidemiological data of HFMD in Zhengzhou City from 2011-2014 were statistically analyzed with descriptive epidemiologic method.[Results]Totally 53 825 HFMD cases were reported in Zhengzhou City from 2011-2014,including 1 006 severe cases and 20 death cases. The cases occurred every month,and peak season appeared April to May,which the cases accounted for 46.89%. 52 520 cases were children under 5 years old,accounting for 93.27%. The male-to-female ratio was 1.52 ∶ 1.The cases of scattered children and preschool children respectively accounted for 74.75% and 23.35% of total cases. The positive rate of enterovirus 71（EV 71）was 56.70%（931/1 642）,the positive rate of Coxsackie virus A16（Cox A16）was 15.83%（260/1 642）,and the positive rate of other enterovirus was 27.47%（463/1 642）. The difference was statistically significant（χ~2=75.475,P〈0.01）.The positive cases of EV 71 accounted for 85.14% in severe cases,while positive cases of EV 71 accounted for 46.16% in common cases,and the difference in positive rate of EV 71 was statistically significant between severe cases and common cases（χ~2=200.43,P〈0.01）.[Conclusion]The epidemic situation of HFMD reaches a peak during April to May,the incidence rate in males is higher than that in females,most of patients are scattered children and kindergarten children,and EV 71 is major pathogen of severe HFMD cases. It is important to strengthen social interventions and implement the comprehensive prevention and control measures in nurseries and community,to control HFMD.
出处
《职业与健康》
CAS
2016年第10期1397-1399,共3页
Occupation and Health
关键词
手足口病
流行病学特征
传染病监测
Hand-foot-mouth disease（HFMD）
Epidemiological characteristics
Infectious disease surveillance
