摘要
为了明确北京地区小麦生长发育与温度的关系和各生育时期的温度指标,为技术人员科学指导生产提供参考。采用对多年农情调度数据和气象数据分析的方法,总结归纳了北京地区小麦生育时期温度演变及各生育时期的温度指标。分析表明,北京小麦适宜播种的温度指标为17~18℃;进入越冬期即基本停止生长（稳定通过0℃终日）的时期常年（近30年）为11月28日;小麦返青平均需要气温0℃以上的日期19d,需要0℃以上的积温73.3℃·d;返青期至起身期需18~29d,平均需积温216.5℃·d;起身期至拔节期需8~12d,平均需积温147.5℃·d;拔节至挑旗历时12~15d,平均需积温231.2℃·d;挑旗至抽穗历时7d左右,平均需积温153.4℃·d;抽穗至开花需5d左右,平均需积温113.4℃·d;开花至成熟历时32~37d,平均需积温800.4℃·d;全生育期260d左右,最短256d,最长262d,所需积温1 970.7~2 325.5℃·d,平均为2 294.0℃·d。
In order to understand the relationship between the temperature indicator of different growth periods and the wheat growth and development in Beijing,this study will provide reference for technicians to manage the field scientifically.Using the method of agricultural investigation and meteorological data of many years,temperature evolution and indicators in wheat growth periods in Beijing were summarized.It showed that the best suitable sowing temperature of wheat in Beijing is 17-18℃;the date of wintering period to stop growing that past the last day of 0℃ was November 28 in nearly 30 years;the time and needed accumulative temperature for wheat regeneration,green returning stage,stage to jointing stage,jointing stage to flag-leaf stage,flag-leaf stage to heading stage,heading stage to flowering and flowering to mature were 73.3℃·d/19 d,216.5℃·d/18-29 d,147.5℃·d/8-12 d,231.2℃·d/12-15 d,153.4℃·d/7d,113.4℃·d/5d,800.4℃·d/32-37 d,respectively.The whole growth period needed over 0℃ accumulated temperature 1 970.7-2 325.5℃·d（average 2 294.0℃·d） and 260 d,and the longest time was 262 d and the shortest time was 256 d.
出处
《作物杂志》
CAS
北大核心
2016年第3期116-122,共7页
Crops
基金
2013-2015年现代农业产业技术体系北京市创新团队小麦栽培岗位经费
关键词
北京
小麦
生育时期
温度指标
Beijing
Wheat
Growth period
Temperature indicators
