摘要
Recent research has showed increasing interest at the vital role of irrigation ponds that plays at biodiversity conservation,and provides ecological functions at a wide range.However,many irrigation ponds were abolished due to the economic and societal transformation in the rural.In particular,small-scale ponds were abolished and rebuilt to other public uses based on the consensus building process among the community.At the same time,civil organizations also launched initiatives to conserve irrigation ponds for its ecological significance or landscape scenery.However,study pertinent to the small scale ponds in the rural setting is largely neglected.This research aims at revealing the current situation of the utilization and management of small irrigation ponds using a case study of Noto Island in Ishikawa Prefecture.It was found that irrigation ponds are still under the traditional co-management of rural community.The most important finding in this study is that the traditional management of pond water use largely contributes to mitigate the harvest loss from natural disasters such as drought in the face of extreme climate.However,irrigation ponds are facing the threat of degradation due to the sharp decrease of farm population and the existing large number of part time farmers.Therefore,the small scale irrigation ponds and pertinent management and water use allotment should be revalued for its functions at a wide range from the biological and ecological functions and human knowledge system to mitigate disaster threats.
自江户时代开始,日本修建了数以万计的灌溉用蓄水池来作为山区地带水田的水源。由于日本农村的衰退,很多日本的灌溉用蓄水池都不用而荒废了。最近,灌溉用蓄水池由于其在保护生物多样性,所提供的生态功能等方面的重要意义上受到学术界越来越多的关注。然而,学术界对小规模的灌溉用蓄水池方面的研究好很少。本研究的目的是使用日本的全球重要农业文化遗产地的石川县能登岛为例来论述小型灌溉用蓄水池的使用和管理的现状。通过调研,我们发现在农业遗产地的能登岛地区仍然对灌溉用蓄水池实行传统的共同管理模式。该研究最重要的发现是,灌溉用蓄水池用水采用传统的管理方式在很大程度上有助于减轻自然灾害所带来的水稻收成的损失,比如遇到极端气候的大干旱。但是,灌溉用蓄水池的共同管理模式面临的威胁包括农业人口的急剧减少,大量兼职农民的存在。因此,在讨论全球重要农业文化遗产地的保存价值的时候,应该充分考虑到小规模灌溉用蓄水池的传统管理方法和灌溉用水的使用分配方面的传统知识对当下应对气候变化的重大意义。
