摘要
以杨山牡丹花蕾为试材,通过持续的采样观察和染色体制片技术,研究了花蕾大小、花药颜色及平均气温对花粉母细胞减数分裂时期的影响,并观察了杨山牡丹花粉母细胞减数分裂全过程及其花粉粒形成过程中细胞内染色体的形态变化。结果表明：温度、花蕾大小和花药颜色是影响杨山牡丹减数分裂的关键因素,当日平均气温为6.5-15.5℃、花蕾直径大小为12-16mm、花药颜色嫩黄时是杨山牡丹减数分裂的最佳观察时期。杨山牡丹花粉母细胞主要经过减数分裂期、四分体时期、小孢子早期、小孢子晚期和二核小孢子期进而形成花粉粒。该研究观察到杨山牡丹减数分裂过程中出现异常现象,即出现染色体桥、四分体。该研究为获得牡丹单一染色体提供了较好的技术支撑,为进一步从染色体水平开展分子生物学研究和遗传育种奠定了基础,并且也为其它植物获得减数分裂时期材料提供了借鉴。
The Paeonia ostii buds was taken as the material,then the effects of flower bud size,anther color and average temperature on pollen mother cell meiosis were researched by consecutive observation of sampling and slide-preparing technique of chromosome.And the detailed cell chromosomes morphological changes in the whole process of pollen mother cell meiosis and the process of pollen grain formation of Paeonia ostii was characterized in this paper.The results showed that the temperature,bud size,and anther color were the key factors which influence the meiosis through based on consecutive observation of sampling,the best observation period of meiosis in tree peony when the daily average temperature was 6.5-15.5℃,the bud diameter size was 12-16 mm,and the anther was bright yellow.The formation of pollen grain in P.ostii mainly consist of pollen mother cell meiosis stage,metaphase,early stage of mononuclear microspore,later stage of momonuclear microspore and two nuclear microspore stage and then form pollen grain finally.The research observed P.ostii meiosis exist anomalies further,such as chromosome bridge,abnormal tetrad.This research provided basic technical support for obtaining the single chromosome of tree peony,further lay a foundation for molecular biology research and genetic breeding in chromosome level,and provided the reference for other plants.
出处
《北方园艺》
CAS
北大核心
2016年第11期100-105,共6页
Northern Horticulture
基金
上海市绿化与市容管理局重点攻关资助项目(G142435
G152424)
上海市资源植物功能基因组学重点实验室资助项目(14DZ2260400)
