摘要
为了分析北京明长城周边的森林景观格局与生态风险状况,以北京市长城普查数据和近期森林资源调查数据为主要数据源,以北京境内明长城沿线两侧3 000 m范围为研究区域,在选取常用景观指数分析了研究区森林景观格局的基础上,引入景观结构指数(Ei)和景观生态风险指数(Ri),结合趋势分析和Kriging插值方法,定量直观地描述了研究区生态风险的分布格局特点。结果表明:(1)研究区森林覆盖率较高,以有林地和灌木林地为优势景观类型,二者面积比重之和占总面积的83.38%。其中,有林地中又以阔叶林比重为最高,达21.64%。疏林地和无立木林地二者面积较少,均不到总面积的1%,属于绝对弱势的景观类型。(2)阔叶林、灌木林地以及未成林林地等3种景观斑块面积较大,且斑块分布相对较集中,斑块连接性好,破碎化现象较轻。针叶林、疏林地、无立木林地及其他用地等4种景观斑块面积则相对较小,斑块连接性差,破碎化现象严重。(3)研究区主要以0.5 km2以下的中小型斑块居多,大型斑块及以上等级斑块数量急剧减少,部分景观甚至没有超大及巨型斑块,斑块较为零碎,完整性和连通性较差,存在一定的破碎化现象。(4)研究区景观生态风险分布格局具有明显的区域分异特点。高风险区域主要分布于延庆、怀柔和密云3个区县的一些较著名长城段,整体上呈中部高、四周低分布。
This paper analyzed the characteristics of the landscape pattern distribution and ecological risk distribution along the Ming Great Wall in Beijing using the Beijing Great Wall census data and recent forest resource survey data as the main data source, at a 3 000 m corridor on both sides of the Ming Great Wall in Beijing. The forest landscape pattern of the study area was analyzed using the commonly used landscape index. Then combined with trend analysis and Kriging interpolation method, the landscape structure indices（Ei） and landscape ecological risk index（LERi） were used, and the distribution pattern of ecological risk in the study area was described quantitatively and intuitively. The results showed that：（1） There was a high forest coverage rate in the study area. Forest land and shrub land was the dominant landscape types with a sum area proportion accounted for 83.38% of the total area. Among them, broad-leaved forest was the highest one in forest land with proportion of 21.64% of the total area. However, both open forest land and no stumpage forest were the absolute weak landscape types less as only 1% of the total area respectively.（2） The patch area of broad-leaved forest, shrub land and immature forest land was larger, with a relatively concentrated patch distribution, good patch connectivity and lighter fragmentation phenomenon. In comparison, the patch size of coniferous forest, open forest land, no stumpage forest, and other land was relatively small, which had a poor patch connectivity and serious patch fragmentation phenomenon.（3） The study area was in the majority of small and medium-sized patches below 0.5 km2. The number of large patches and above grade was drastically reduced. Part of landscape types which were not even exist very large and giant patches, showing a more fragmented patches, less integrity and connectivity, and a higher patch fragmentation phenomenon.（4） There was an obvious regional different characteristics in the pattern of ecological risk distributio
出处
《中南林业科技大学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2016年第5期114-120,共7页
Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology
基金
林业公益性行业科研专项(201104051)
关键词
明长城
景观
生态风险
分布格局
Ming Great Wall
landscape
ecological risk
distribution pattern
