摘要
本文探究了个体化理论的长处和局限,为长期以来的"宗教世俗化还是宗教个体化"的争论作出贡献。首先,本文呈现了三种新版本(格布哈特等人、克诺布劳赫和贝克)的个体化论。其次,他们的共同观点,即把宗教私人化从讨论中去除的做法,被放到《宗教观察》2008年和2013年的实证研究发现背景下检验。本文的主要观点是,宗教大转型不只关乎个体,同时也关系到集体和社会问题。结论是,对于影响很广的、认为个体化改变了教会、社会和人性的主张,需要进行仔细的批判。某种高度的多元化和个体化,在天主教教会和新教教会中得到了实证检验。对于西欧存在较之前假定的更高程度的宗教性,本文也提供了证据。但是,去世俗化则没有得到证明,宗教的私人化也没有被排除。无论是世俗化论还是个体化论,都太过于强调同质性,无法涵盖高度异质的情况。世俗的选择与宗教的选择,教会化的宗教和个体化的宗教,在同一个教会、同一个国家和同一个个体中比肩并存。
The article explores the strengths and the limits of the individualisation theory and contributes to the long-standing debate,'secularisation or individualization of religion?'First, three new versions of the individualisation thesis(Gebhardt et al., Knoblauch, and Beck) are presented and compared. Second, their common idea of removing the privatisation of religion from the discussion is tested against empirical findings of the studies Religion Monitor 2008 and 2013. The major point is that religious transformation concerns not only the individual, but collectives and social issues as well. The conclusion is that the far-reaching claims that individualisation has changed churches, societies and humanity need nuanced critique. A high degree of pluralisation and individualization is empirically attested within the Catholic and Protestant churches. The evidence of a higher level of religiousness than previously assumed was provided concerning Western Europe.Desecularisation, however, is not proven, and the privatisation of religion not ruled out. Both the secularisation and the individualisation theses are too homogenous to cover the highly heterogeneous situation. Secular and religious options as well as churched and individualised religion exist side by side in the same church,country, and individual.
出处
《国际社会科学杂志（中文版）》
2016年第1期85-101,7,共18页
International Social Science Journal（Chinese Edition）
