摘要
从当前积极推进能源转型的国家看,德国和美国是两个具有典型性的国家。德国和美国能源转型既有共同点,也有差异性,差异性主要源于两国能源转型的核心动机不同。德国能源转型的核心动机是大气与环境保护,美国能源转型的核心动机是能源安全。转型核心动机差异导致两国能源的转型方向与路径不同,德国向可再生能源转型,美国向清洁能源（可再生能源、天然气和核能）转型。过渡能源选择是国家能源转型的必备要件,且可再生能源政策推进强度与居民电价成正比。电力系统转型对国家能源转型至关重要,智能电网是电力系统转型的重中之重。
The United States and Germany are the two typical countries of current energy transition in the world. Energy transition in the US and Germany has much in common, and also has differences which mainly due to differences in core motivation of energy transformation. Energy transition in the US is driven by demand for energy security, while energy transition in Germany is push forward by the atmospheric policy of atmospheric and environmental protection. The motivation of energy transition results in difference of their transition direction： Germany is transitioning to renewable energy, while the US transits to clean energy（renewable energy, natural gas and nuclear power）. It is a necessary condition for energy transition to select the transitive energy. Moreover, the improvement of renewable energy policy is in direct proportion to residential tariff. Transition of electric power system is very important to the national energy transition and smart grid is the key of electric power system transition.
出处
《国际石油经济》
2016年第5期1-8,共8页
International Petroleum Economics
关键词
德国
美国
能源转型
可再生能源
清洁能源
过渡能源
电力转型
智能电网
Germany
the United States
energy transition
renewable energy
clean energy
transitive energy
electric power transition
smart grid
