摘要
目的：分析2014年医院感染病原菌的分布及其耐药性，为抗菌药物的有效使用和预防医院感染探讨理论依据。方法：采用回顾性分析法，分析2014年分离出2167株医院感染病原菌的分布及其对抗菌药物耐药性。结果：2167株病原菌中64．74％为革兰阴性菌，25．15％为革兰阳性菌和10．11％为真菌；在革兰阴性菌中大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌均对亚胺培南敏感而未发现耐药菌株，铜绿假单胞菌和鲍曼不动杆菌分别有4．20％-35．71％和19．80％～97．12％的耐药菌株产生；在革兰阳性菌中金黄色葡萄球菌、溶血葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌均对万古霉素敏感，未发现耐药菌株而对青霉素均有较高耐药性（89．90％-92．86％），粪肠球菌对抗菌药物均产生不同程度的耐药性（5．34％-85．45％）。结论：加强抗菌药物的使用管理与检测；根据细菌培养结果选用抗菌药物，避免多种抗菌药物联合使用，有规律地轮换使用抗菌药物，是预防和减少耐药菌株产生的有效方法。
Objective： To analyze the distribution and the characteristics of drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria of our hospital in 2014, to provide the scientific basis for a reasonable clinical drug use and to prevent the hospital infections. Methods： Retrospectively analyzing the distribution and drug resistance of 2 167 strains of pathogens isolated from clinical specimens during 2014. Results： A total of 2 167 pathogens isolated from clinical specimens included 64.74% strains of gram-positive bacilli. 25.15% strains of gram-negative bacilli, and 10.11% strains of fungi. In gramnegative bacilli, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonlae are sensitive to Imipenem and no resistance was found; the resistant rates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii are beween 4.20% and 35.71%, and 19.80% and 97.12%, respectively. In gram-positive bacilli, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus haemolyticus and Staphylococcus epidermidis are sensitive to Vancomycin and no resistance was found, but resistance to Penicillin （89.90% and 92.86%）; Enterococcusfaecalis presents a multidrug resistance（5.34% and 85.45%）. Conclusion： Strengthening the management and detection of antibacterial drugs; according to the results of bacterial culture selecting the antimicrobial agents and avoiding the combined use of antimicrobial agents are effective methods to prevent and to reduce the generation of resistant strains.
出处
《抗感染药学》
2016年第2期281-284,共4页
Anti-infection Pharmacy
关键词
医院感染
病原菌
耐药性
抗菌药物
nosocomial infection
pathogens
drug resistance
antibacterial drugs
