摘要
采用修订后的oddball范式,结合ERP技术考察女性与男性在加工中性新异刺激时的差异。ERP结果表明,在早期已经出现新异性效应。在300-500ms内,新异刺激在男性和女性被试中都比标准刺激诱发了更大的LPC。在500-700ms内,新异刺激仅在女性被试中比标准刺激诱发更大的LPC,在男性被试中没有显著差异。这些结果表明男性和女性都对中性新异刺激表现出加工偏向,但是女性对其加工的时间比男性更长。这可能与女性容易对显著性(salient)的刺激进行沉思(rumination)相关。
Novel events are unpredictable and accidental. The ability to detect and cope with unpredictable events is fundamental for adapting to a rapidly changing environment and ensuring survival of an organism. In life and laboratory settings, novel events are usually infrequent but emotionally relevant, and thus accompanied by affective responses such as interest or surprise. Behavioral and neuroimaging studies have reported gender differences in the brain responding to emotion–relevant infrequent stimuli. Novel events, whether emotionally salient or neutral, are biologically important, because the occurrence is sudden, with unpredictable meaning and is perceptually salient. Although females are known to show enhanced sensitivity to emotional stimuli and infrequent stimuli（both of which are biologically significant）, it remains unknown whether females and males differ in their processing of emotionally neutral, novel stimuli. The present study used modified three–stimulus oddball tasks and event-related potential to investigate the neurophysiological mechanisms of possible gender effect on the neural processing of neutral and novel events.To maximize ecological validity and to test whether this enhanced processing of novelty in females was independent of the established brain sensitivity of females to infrequent stimuli, the study matched the novel and standard stimuli in onset frequency, and both of them were task–irrelevant. In this experiment, the target stimulus（20%, a natural scene of a cup） and the standard stimulus（40%, a natural scene of a bench） were kept constant, whereas a set of emotionally neutral, non–repeated pictures were used as the novel stimuli（40%）. The distracters included a non–novel standard stimulus and a set of novel stimuli. Each trial was initiated by a 300 ms presentation of a small black cross on the gray computer screen. Then, a blank screen whose duration varied randomly from 500 to 1000 ms was presented and was followed by the 1000 ms presentation of a picture s
出处
《心理科学》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2016年第3期666-672,共7页
Journal of Psychological Science
基金
中国国家自然科学基金项目(NSFC81171289)的资助
关键词
新异事件
女性优势
性别差异
ERP
novel events
female advantage
gender differences
ERP
