摘要
史家多强调历史叙事的真实。中国传统史家更秉持"实录"精神,但对"实录"内涵并无严格的逻辑界定。历史叙事是史学家从各种资料和证据中还原过去的事件,被还原的实情就是"史实"。史实可能无限接近事件原貌,但不等于客观事实,更不等于真理,因此,纯粹客观的历史记录是不存在的。不同学科的融合增加了史料和证据的可验证性以及历史叙事的客观性,史学观点和历史真理比自然科学受到的验证更多。就此而言,历史的边界在消失。基于历史的普适性,历史广泛地成为其他学科的基础和组成部分。由于人类理性差序,人们在一定阶段对客观世界的正确认识都是具体的、有条件限制的。每个人所获得的"历史真理"都是带有一定主观色彩的相对真理,对史学绝对真理的追求就是对相对真理无限扬弃的过程。
Most historians emphasize the truth of the historical narrative.Although traditional Chinese historians tend to cleave to the spirit of history as'veritable records'(实录shilu),the connotations of this term have not been defined logically and rigorously.Historical narrative refers to historians' recovery of past events through historical materials and evidence,and these recovered events become'historical facts.'However close historical facts may be to the original events,they are neither objective nor the truth.Therefore,pure and objective historical records do not exist.Interdisciplinary integration makes historical material and evidence verifiable and improves the objectivity of historical narrative.Historical views and historical truth are subject to more verification than the natural sciences are.In this sense,the boundaries of history are vanishing;its universality means it is widely used as the basis and component of other disciplines.Due to the variance sequence of human reason,the correctness of human understanding of the objective world at a particular stage is specific and conditional.Therefore,each person's understanding of'historical truth'is of relative truth subjectively perceived,and the absolute truth of historiography is a limitless process of sublation of relative truths.
出处
《历史研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2016年第2期40-55,191,共16页
Historical Research
基金
教育部人文社会科学研究基地重大招标项目(13JJD770014)资助
