摘要
为全面了解我国水果质量安全标准现状,弄清我国水果质量安全标准与国际标准接轨程度,从影响水果质量安全的主要危害因子着手,对我国现行有效的水果质量安全限量标准进行研究。分析并归纳了我国水果质量安全标准的结构构成,指出了现有标准存在的主要问题。我国的限量标准仍主要实施大水果限量分类方式,将水果分为6类,即柑橘类水果、仁果类水果、核果类水果、浆果和其他小型水果、热带和亚热带水果、瓜果类水果,同时还列出了干制水果的限量标准。在水果中规定了包括艾氏剂、滴滴涕、狄氏剂、毒杀芬、六六六、氯丹、灭蚁灵、七氯、异狄氏剂共计9种持久性农药在内的206种农药1 132项最大残留限量,农药残留按用途划分为10类,即杀虫剂、杀菌剂、杀螨剂、除草剂、植物生长调节剂、杀虫/杀螨剂、杀软体动物剂、熏蒸剂、杀线虫剂、增效剂。我国水果质量安全标准与国际相比还存在一定差距,如虽然我国制定了几乎所有农药的在食品中的最大残留限量值,但是大部分农药的限量值覆盖的树种不全面,主要实施大水果限量分类的方式,不够细化,同时我国规定的部分农药残留限量指标明显偏高。提出了进一步完善我国水果质量安全标准的建议,为我国水果质量安全限量标准与国际紧密接轨提供参考。
Food safety is one of the most important factors that affect survival and the quality of life, and fruit safety plays an important role in the overall safety of food. Agricultural products quality and safety standards include mandatory technical standards, along with their formulation and publication, in strict accordance with the relevant laws and administrative regulations for implementation. The objective of this study is to present the current situation of China＇s fruit quality and safety standards, and to find out the level of integration of the quality and safety standards into existing international standards. Our study will start with the effect of the major risk factors on fruit quality and safety, then identily the current research related to our country＇s effective fruit quality and safety limits, continue with an in-depth analysis of fruit quality and safety related to heavy metals and conclude with the pesticide residual limits of pollutant indicators. This thesis analyzes the structure of fruit quality safety standards in China, and points out the main problems in the existing standards, and puts forward the need for further improvement of our country＇s fruit quality and safety standards. There are 2 current efficiency national standards for fruit quality and safety in China, they are： National Food Safety Standard- maximum Residue Limits for Contaminants in Food（GB 2762-2012） and National Food Safety Standard- maximum Residue Limits for Pesticides in Food（GB 2763-2014）. There are 3 indicators for the health limits of pollutants, such as heavy metals, in the standard： lead, cadmium and rare earth. There are 206 different types of pesticides and 1,132 maximum residual limits that have been established for fruits, including： aldrin, DDT, dieldrin, toxaphene,BHC, chlordane, mirex, heptachlor, and the endrin agent which has a total of 9 types of persistent pesticides. The standards can also be divided by purpose into 10 different types, including： 90 types of insecticides, 75 types
出处
《果树学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2016年第5期612-623,共12页
Journal of Fruit Science
基金
中国农业科学院创新工程科技经费项目资助(CAAS-ASTIP-2015-ZFRI)
2015年国家农产品质量安全风险评估专项(GJFP2015002
GJFP2015003)
河南省大宗水果产业技术体系资助
关键词
水果
质量安全
标准
污染物
最大残留限量
Fruits
Quality safety
Standards
Contaminants
Maximum residual limits
