摘要
为明确豫中浓香型烟区施肥适宜的铵态氮/硝态氮配比(即铵硝比),采用大田小区试验,在氮肥、钾肥和磷肥施用量相同的基础上,设计4个不同铵硝比(6∶4、5∶5、4∶6、3∶7)处理,研究了豫中烟区不同铵硝比对烤烟农艺性状、化学成分及香气物质含量的影响。结果表明,在烟株移栽后30、45 d,烟株的叶长、叶宽、茎围和叶面积随硝态氮比例增加呈先增加后降低的趋势,且以铵硝比4∶6处理表现最好。在成熟期(移栽后90 d),各处理间烟株株高和叶宽无明显差异,而叶长和叶面积随硝态氮比例增加呈降低趋势。各生育时期不同铵硝比处理下烟叶氮、磷、钾含量差异表明,铵硝比为4∶6时有利于烟株对氮、磷、钾的吸收。硝态氮不利于烤后烟叶的总糖、还原糖、总氮、氯离子含量的合成或累积,而铵态氮则促进烟叶的碳、氮代谢;烟叶钾含量则随着硝态氮比例的增加呈先增加后降低的趋势,且以铵硝比为4∶6时(钾含量1.34%)显著高于其他处理,说明硝态氮在一定程度上有利于烟叶对钾的吸收。香气成分分析发现,硝态氮有利于烤烟中部叶类胡萝卜素降解产物的合成,过高或过低的铵硝比都不利于西柏烷类致香物质和棕色化反应产物的合成,二者含量均以铵硝比4∶6时最高,且致香物质总量也以铵硝比4∶6时最高。综合考虑烟株的生长情况、烟叶的化学成分和致香物质含量,在河南浓香型烟区推荐以铵硝比4∶6进行氮肥施用。
To explore the appropriate ratio between ammonium nitrogen（NH4^＋-N） and nitrate nitrogen（ NO3^--N） on tobacco in Henan province,four treatments with different combination of NH4^＋-N and NO3^--N [NH4^＋-N / NO3^--N = 6 ∶ 4（ T1）,5 ∶ 5（ T2）,4 ∶ 6（ T3） and 3 ∶ 7（ T4） ] were carried out in field experiment. All the treatments were based on same rate of nitrogen,potassium and phosphorus. This study focused on the influence of different nitrogen form on the agronomic traits,chemical components and aroma content of flue-cured tobacco. The results showed that the agronomic traits including leaf length,leaf width,leaf area and stem girth demonstrated first rising and then dropping as the NO3^--N increased,and the highest value appeared in T3 treatment on the 30 and 45 days after transplanting. At the maturestage（ 90 days after transplanting）,there was no significant difference among the treatments in the height and leaf width of tobacco,while the leaf length and leaf area decreased with increase of NO3^--N. The difference of the content of total nitrogen（ TN）,total phosphorus（ TP） and total potassium（ TK） in tobacco leaves under different nitrogen form combination during all the growth stage illustrated that it promoted tobacco to absorb more N,P,and K under NH4^＋-N / NO3^--N = 4 ∶ 6（ T3 treatment）. The NO3^--N retarded the accumulation of total sugar,reducing sugar,total nitrogen,chloridion,while the NH4^＋-N improved the carbon and nitrogen metabolism in tobacco leaf. The TK content in tobacco leaf first rose and then dropped with increase of NO3^--N ratio,and it was significantly higher under T3 treatment（ 1. 34%）than under other treatments,which indicated that the NO3^--N contributed to absorption of more K by tobacco leaf. The analysis of aromas component found that NO3^--N could promote the content of cartenoid degradation products in flue-cured tobacco leaves. The content of cembranenoids and browning reaction products in tobacco leaf was highest unde
出处
《河南农业科学》
CSCD
北大核心
2016年第4期37-42,共6页
Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences
基金
河南省烟草公司重大面上项目(HYKJ201215)
河南省烟草公司漯河市公司科技项目(LYKJ201504)
关键词
氮素形态
产量
烟草
化学成分
致香物质
nitrogen form
yield
tobacco
chemical component
aromas component
