摘要
生态学的马克思主义已成为当今西方马克思主义中最有影响的思潮。本文对生态主义、生态社会主义以及生态学的马克思主义这三个不同的概念进行了区分,并对生态学的马克思主义的概貌进行了简要的介绍。在此基础上,文章具体分析了生态学的马克思主义的主要代表人物高兹,述解了其相关的四部著作,这四部著作是《劳动分工的批判》(1973),《生态学和政治》(1975),《经济理性批判》(1988),《资本主义、社会主义和生态学》(1991)。
Today ecological Marxism has been the most influential thought in western Marxism.However it is necessary to distinguish these three concepts of ecocentrism,ecological socialism and ecological Marxism.As for ecocentrism and ecological socialism,their bifurcations in many aspects reflect their differences of theoretical base and cultural value. Concretely speaking,the theoretical base of the former is anarchism and that of the latter is socialism;the cultural value of the former is postmodernism and that of the latter is modernism.As for ecological socialism and ecological Marxism,the former comprises but not amounts to the latter. That is,only those ecological socialists who possess intense Marxist tendency could be called as ecological Marxists. In general,ecological Marxists especially attach importance to Marxist methodology.And ecological Marxism is treated as a kind of political ecology in western world.A few viewpoints of ecological Marxism could be found in Dialectics of Enlightenment (1947) for the first time.But as a theoretical system,it appeared after 1960s and had three periods hitherto: the period of formation is in 1960s and 1970s;that of systematization is in 1970s and 1980s;that of development is after 1990s. Andre Gorz (1924-) is both an important figure of existentialist Marxism and a major theoretician of ecological Marxism.The former half of his life was related to Sartre and his existentialism.And since 1970s Gorz turned to the field of political ecology and became an ecological Marxist.His ecological Marxism has some larruping characteristics.First, his critique of contemporary capitalism from the perspective of ecology is most pungent and systematic.Second,he is probably the only one who argues for the necessity of establishing a socialist society directly in terms of the critique of the ecological crisis of contemporary capitalist society.Moreover, he describes the Utopian foreground of ecological socialism concretely and vividly. Four books of Gorz's would be introduced as following. In C
出处
《当代国外马克思主义评论》
2002年第1期143-197,340,共59页
Contemporary Marxism Review
