摘要
表观遗传是指DNA序列不发生变化,基因表达却发生了可遗传改变的一种遗传方式,主要涉及DNA甲基化和组蛋白的不同翻译后修饰,决定了特定的基因表达形式。DNA甲基化常引起基因表达抑制,而脱甲基化则引起基因表达开放。组蛋白有众多的共价修饰形式,根据修饰的种类、位点及个数的不同,引起基因沉默或激活。表观遗传修饰是细胞定向分化和重编程中基因特异性表达的重要调控方式,在机体发生中扮演着重要的角色。在牙发生过程中,表观遗传与传统的基因表达调控协同,调节细胞增殖、分化和迁移相关基因的时空表达,最后导致牙的形成。诠释牙发生过程中的表观遗传调控机制,无疑可为牙再生提供关键的线索和思路。
Epigenetics, mainly including DNA methylation and histone post-translational modification, is the heritable changes that are not caused by changes in the DNA sequence; this change also alters how genes are expressed. DNA methylation typically causes gene transcriptional silencing, whereas demethylation leads to transcription activation. A large number of covalent modifications on histone, such as different types, residues, and amount, will affect the inhibition or activation of gene expression. Epigenetic modifications play pivotal roles in organogenesis by controlling gene expression during cell fate determination and reprogramming. In the process of tooth development, complex orchestration between genetic and epigenetic programs regulates the spatiotemporal expression of cell proliferation-, differentiation-, and migration-related genes, and finally tooth formation. Exploring the molecular biology of epigenetic, together with the epigenetic findings in tooth development, is not only fundamental but also inspiring for tooth regeneration.
出处
《国际口腔医学杂志》
CAS
北大核心
2016年第3期318-324,共7页
International Journal of Stomatology
基金
国家自然科学基金(81170932)
广东省领军人才专项经费(52000-3210002)~~
关键词
牙发育
基因表达调控
表观遗传
牙再生
tooth development
gene expression and regulation
epigenetics
tooth regeneration
