摘要
本文分三方面说明宋元珠江三角洲农业社会的变迁。首先是由于开荒和种植的需要,铁农具广泛使用在潮田和围田的耕作中。在部分水利条件好的地区,已经出现精耕细作的稻作农业,其亩产量已经接近或达到全国稻作水平。加上沙田的广泛开发,"广米"大量输出,显示岭南与东南数省形成地域性的农业分工。其次在农业经营方面,自耕农经济和佃农经济为主体,商品性农业已经出现,由此说明宋元珠江三角洲农业经济注入了新的活力。第三是乡村社会中,形成稳定的农业聚落;村社形成以乡村精英为先导的水利社会雏形;"耕读传家"的文化传统,不仅促进农学知识在乡村的传播,也促进国家正统礼仪制度在乡村的推进,有利于农业文化的传播。宋元农业社会的变革为明代中叶起珠江三角洲的经济飞跃奠定了坚实的基础。
Great transformation happened in the agricultural society of Pearl River Delta in Song and Yuan Dynasties. First, owning to the demand of land clearance and plantation, i- ron farm tools were used for farming the tide field and diked field widely. In a part of diked fields where the water conservation conditions were excellent, the acre yield with intensive cultivation might reach the nationwide level, including tidal land cultivation, large amount output of Canton rice, a regional agricultural division was formed between the south of the Five Ridges and provinces in the southeast. Second, since the land--holding economy and tenant peasant economy became the main actors of agricultural operation, commercial agri- culture has appeared, and new energy was infused for the local agricultural economy. Third, stable agricultural settlement was formed. The rudiment of water conservation society which was guided by countryside elites was formed in the rural society. The cultural tradition of ru- ral education delivered from generation to generation not only promoted spreading agricultur- al knowledge in the countryside, but also the official etiquette system in the country, and the spread of agricultural culture. These laid a solid basis for the fast development of econo- my in the Pearl River Delta since the middle period of Ming dynasty.
出处
《古今农业》
2016年第1期31-45,共15页
Ancient and Modern Agriculture
关键词
宋元
珠江三角洲
农业社会
变迁
Song and Yuan Dynasties, Pearl River Delta, Agricultural Society, Change
