摘要
农业景观中生物多样性具有特殊重要的意义,本文首先综述了农业景观异质性的组成和特征。农业景观的异质性不仅包括空间组成和构型异质性以及时间异质性,更应包括基于物种或功能类群认识的农业景观功能异质性,这对于讨论景观异质性与生物多样性的关系十分关键。纵览景观空间异质性和时间异质性对生物多样性的多尺度影响发现,很多研究证实非农生境对于维持农业景观中生物多样性十分必要,由非农生境斑块和农田基质组成异质性较高的农业景观往往促进生物多样性,不同生物类群对景观异质性的响应尺度不同。景观结构和种间作用的复合影响是异质性农业景观维持生物多样性的机制。景观异质性通过生物多样性的组成和分布进而影响其提供的生物控制、授粉和物质循环等生态系统服务。结合黄河中下游平原农业景观异质性特征及其对生物多样性影响系列研究结果,在联产承包责任制下小田块管理的农业景观中,未来相关研究应基于功能景观的时空异质性深入讨论农业景观对生物多样性及其生态系统服务的影响机制,为可持续农业景观的构建提供科学依据。
It is undoubted that biodiversity and its＇ ecosystem services have significant importance for agricultural landscape. The semi-natural habitats are the indispensable covers in agro-landscape, which maintain higher biodiversity because they provide refuge, foods, breeding place. To meet the demands of a growing human population, agricultural systems have been enlarged by altering non-crop habitats area to crop land and produced more crops per unit area, the disturbance to ecosystem intensified inducing decreasing of biodiversity. Keeping high biodiversity in agricultural landscape is significant for sustainable development of agriculture. In this paper, composition and characteristics of agricultural landscape heterogeneity were reviewed and its effects on biodiversity and ecological service discussed. Landscape heterogeneity included compositional heterogeneity, configurational heterogeneity, as well as temporal heterogeneity and functional heterogeneity. Most evidences showed that higher heterogeneity of agro-landscape affected positively on biodiversity. The temporal dynamics（historical, short-term and seasonal change of landscape） of landscape context may help improving understanding about the interaction between landscape structure and biodiversity in agro-landscape. Scale effect of landscape heterogeneity on biodiversity existed and is a core content of landscape ecology. Multi-scale effects of spatial and temporal landscape heterogeneity on non-agricultural biodiversity were significant. The biodiversity of plants, ground arthropod, and soil fauna were related to landscape heterogeneity in different radius buffer area. The responses of different non-agricultural biological groups were different because the landscape context and biological characteristics. The mechanisms of landscape heterogeneity maintaining biodiversity was also summarized. The combination of plant dispersal modes（e.g. wind, animals, vegetative） or / animals migration modes（e.g. crawling, jumping, flying） and landscape struct
出处
《中国生态农业学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2016年第4期443-450,共8页
Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(41371195
41071118)资助~~
关键词
农业景观
景观异质性
生物多样性
生态系统服务
黄河中下游
Agricultural landscape
Landscape heterogeneity
Biodiversity
Ecosystem services
The middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River
