摘要
未来全球变暖对农田生态系统产生的影响不仅可能改变整个陆地生态系统的碳平衡状态,更重要的是还关系到全球的粮食安全问题。然而,目前有关农作物对全球变暖响应和适应性机理的研究还很少见,尤其是缺少通过农田原位增温实验探讨作物叶片形态结构及其气体交换过程对增温的响应和适应性机理的研究。利用典型农田生态系统的实验增温平台,研究了未来全球气候变暖对我国华北平原重要农作物玉米叶片的形态、结构特征(解剖及亚显微结构)以及气体交换参数所可能产生的影响。研究结果显示,实验增温分别使玉米叶片的宽度和厚度减少了4%(P=0.017)和10%(P<0.001)。然而,实验增温却导致叶绿体长度和宽度显著增加46%(P<0.001)和50%(P<0.001),从而使叶绿体的剖面面积显著增加了141%(P<0.001)。另外,研究结果还显示,实验增温分别增加了玉米叶片的净光合速率52%(P=0.019)、气孔导度163%(P=0.001)以及蒸腾速率81%(P=0.017);同时,实验增温使玉米叶片的暗呼吸速率显著降低了24%(P=0.006),但却并没有对细胞间CO2浓度和水分利用效率产生显著的影响。因此,研究结果表明,未来气候变暖不仅会直接改变玉米叶片的形态和结构特征,同时还可能对玉米叶片的功能(例如光合和呼吸等关键生理生化过程)产生显著的影响。
It has been established that concentrations of greenhouse gases（ GHG） such as CH4,CO2,and N2 O in the atmosphere have dramatically increased since the beginning of the industrial revolution,primarilybecause of fossil fuel combustion and land use change. Meanwhile,the increased GHG concentrations have led to a rapid rise in global temperature over the past decades. The impacts of future global warming on the structure and function of agriculturalecosystemsmay not only change the carbon balance of terrestrial ecosystems,but also threat the safety of the future global food supply. Maize（ Zea mays L.） is one of the most important crops worldwide,and thus maize production determines the safety of the food supply in many regions of the world,includingthe North China Plain,which is an important region of crop production in China. Ithas been predicted that global warming may reduce maize yieldsin this region. However,the underlying mechanisms of the effect of climate change on crop production are not well understood. In particular,the impacts of global warming on the leaf structure,physiology,and biochemistry of crops such as maize plants were previously unknown. In this study,we examined the effects of experimental warming on the morphology,anatomy,ultra-structures,and physiological traits of maize leaves,via a fieldexperiment usinginfrared heaters conducted in a typical agriculture ecosystem on the North China Plain. The warming experiment features six 3 × 4 m plots,with three of the plots serving as treatments and the others as control plots. In comparison to the control,the warming increased the air,soil,and canopy temperature by（1. 42 ± 0. 18） /（1. 77 ± 0. 24） °C（ day / night）,（1. 68 ± 0. 9） /（2. 04 ± 0. 16） ℃（ day / night）,and（2. 08 ± 0. 72） ℃（day） during the maize growth period. The results showed that experimental warming significantly decreased the width and thickness of maize leaves by 4%（ P = 0. 017） and 10%（ P 0. 001）,respectively,but barely affected
出处
《生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2016年第6期1526-1538,共13页
Acta Ecologica Sinica
基金
国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2012CB417103)
国家自然科学基金青年项目(31400418)
中国博士后科学基金面上项目(2014M561044)
公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201303022)
四川省林业厅区域林业碳汇/源计量体系构建及应用研究项目(2009-204)
关键词
气候变暖
玉米
形态及结构
生理特性
华北平原
global climate warming
maize
morphological and anatomic structures
physiological traits
North China Plain
