摘要
以贵阳市花溪区麦坪废弃煤矿区为研究区域,选择在受酸性矿山废水(AMD)污染的土壤上经类芦植被恢复的土壤为研究对象,研究自然恢复类芦植被后对AMD污染土壤的养分、酶活性及微生物数量的改善作用,探讨类芦植被对AMD污染土壤的生态修复效应及潜力。结果表明:AMD污染土壤呈养分极贫瘠、土壤酶活性和微生物活性极低的特征,污染土壤经自然恢复类芦植被后,污染土壤的理化性质及生物化学特性有显著改善,具体表现为:经类芦植被恢复的土壤的有机质、全氮、有效氮、有效磷、速效钾含量较对照(无类芦植被恢复)的污染土壤分别平均增加了48.95%,133.71%,46.23%,23.10%,29.83%,土壤过氧化氢酶、酸性磷酸酶、纤维素酶和脲酶活性得到极显著(p<0.01)提高,土壤主要微生物类群(细菌、真菌、放线菌)数量和生物量极显著(p<0.01)增加。相关性分析表明,土壤养分、酶活性和微生物数量之间呈正相关关系,表明土壤酶活性和微生物数量可作为评价AMD污染土壤修复前后质量改善状况的重要生物学指标。另外,主成分分析表明,在类芦植被对AMD污染土壤修复过程中土壤酶(脲酶)、土壤养分(全磷、全氮、有效磷、有效氮、有机质、速效钾)、土壤微生物(细菌)是主要控制因素。基于类芦植被能显著地提高AMD污染土壤有效养分含量、土壤酶活性和微生物数量,使AMD污染土壤朝着良性方向发展,并表现出对AMD污染土壤修复具有较大的潜力,因此类芦植被可作为AMD污染土壤植物修复和生态恢复的先锋物种或优势植物。
In this study,abandoned mining area of Maiping,which is located in Huaxi district,Guiyang city,was selected as the study area,and acid mine drainage（AMD）contaminated soil under Neyraudia reynaudiana vegetation restoration was selected as the research object.The improvement effect of natural restoration of Neyraudia reynaudiana vegetation on soil nutrients,enzyme activities and microbial quantity were investigated to explore the ecological restoration effect and potential of the vegetation on AMD polluted soil.The results showed that in AMD polluted soil without vegetation restoration,soil nutrient contents and activities of soil enzymes and microorganisms were extremely low.Neyraudia reynaudiana vegetation greatly improved soil physical and chemical properties,as well as its biological and biochemical properties.For example,compared to the control treatment without vegetation,Neyraudia reynaudiana vegetation averagely increased the contents of soil organic matter,total nitrogen,available nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium by 48.95%,133.71%,46.23%,23.10% and 29.83%,respectively.The activities of soil catalase,acid phosphatase,cellulase and urease,and the quantity and biomass of the main microorganism groups（bacteria,fungi and actinomycetes）in AMD contaminated soil were also significantly improved by Neyraudia reynaudiana vegetation（p〈0.01）.Correlation analysis showed that soil nutrient content,enzyme activity and microbial quantity were positively correlated,indicating that the soil enzyme activity and microbial population could be used as the important biological indicators for evaluating the quality improvement of AMD contaminated soil.In addition,principal components analysis showed that the enzyme（urease）activity,soilnutrient contents（total phosphorus,total nitrogen,available phosphorus,available nitrogen,organic matter and available potassium）,and soil microbial quantity（bacteria）were the main controlling factors in the process of remediation of AMD contaminated so
出处
《水土保持学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2016年第1期285-292,共8页
Journal of Soil and Water Conservation
基金
贵州省科技厅重大专项[黔科合重大专项字(2012)6013-7]
贵州省科技厅创新人才团队建设项目[黔科合人(2012)4005号]
关键词
AMD污染
类芦
土壤养分
土壤酶活性
土壤微生物
AMD pollution
Neyraudia reynaudiana
soil nutrients
soil enzyme activity
soil microorganism
