摘要
选择天老池流域的5种典型植被类型下的土壤,用环刀进行多点采样,用于土壤理化性质和入渗的观测,比较分析不同植被土壤的理化性质。结果显示:不同的植被类型下土壤理化性质有差异。土壤容重表现为草地(干草原1.12g/cm^3,亚高山草地1.00g/cm^3)>灌木林地(亚高山灌丛0.76g/cm^3)>乔木林地(祁连圆柏0.75g/cm^3,青海云杉0.50g/cm^3);总孔隙度表现为乔木林地(青海云杉81.29%,祁连圆柏76.61%)>灌木林地(72.63%)>草地(亚高山草地62.28%,干草原57.65%);有机质含量表现为青海云杉(136.87g/kg)>亚高山灌丛(119.96g/kg)>亚高山草地(94.67g/kg)>祁连圆柏(70.69g/kg)>干草原(43.94g/kg),总体表现为阴坡大于阳坡。土壤容重、有机质含量、总孔隙度均与土壤入渗特征呈显著性相关,土壤理化性质对土壤入渗的综合影响作用决定了土壤入渗速率的大小。用环刀法观测表层土壤的入渗过程,通过比较发现,初始和稳定入渗速率均表现为青海云杉(7.17mm/min,5.12mm/min)>祁连圆柏(2.33mm/min,1.30mm/min)>亚高山灌丛(1.91mm/min,1.01mm/min)>亚高山草地(1.89mm/min,0.77mm/min)>干草原(1.41mm/min,0.44mm/min),整体表现为乔木林地>灌木林地>草地。用变异系数衡量土壤理化性质和入渗率的空间变异性,结果表明,5种植被土壤的理化性质表现出不同程度的变异,土壤的入渗率均表现出较大的空间变异性。青海云杉林地的土壤入渗率明显大于其他4种植被类型,在本研究区的水源涵养上起到至关重要的作用。
In this study, soils under 5 vegetation types in Tianlaochi watershed were sampled by cutting ring method to investigate soil physical and chemical properties and soil infiltration characteristics. The physico- chemical properties of soils under 5 vegetation types were compared. The results showed that under 5 vegeta- tion types, soil bulk density followed the sequence of grassland（steppe 1.12 g/cm3 , subalpine meadow 1.00 g/cm3 ）〉 shrub land （subalpine shrub 0.76 g/cm3 ） 〉 forest land （Qilian juniper 0.75 g/cm3 , Qinghai spruce 0.50 g/cm3）, while total porosity of soil listed in the order of forest land （Qinghai spruce 81.29%, Qilian juniper 76.61%） ） shrub land （suhalpine shrub 72.63 %） 〉 grassland （subalpine meadow 62.28 %, steppe 57.65%）, and the content of soil organic matter showed the order of Qinghai spruce（136.87 g/kg） 〉subalpine shrub（119. 96 g/kg）〉subalpine meadow（94.67 g/kg）〉Qilian juniper（70.69 g/kg）〉steppe（43.94 g/kg）, which was generally higher on the shady slope than on the sunny slope. Soil bulk density, organic matter content and total porosity were significantly correlated with soil infiltration characteristics, and the compre- hensive effect of soil physical and chemical properties on soil infiltration rate was significant. We used single cutting ring method to measure soil water infiltration processes. The results showed that under 5 vegetation types, soil initial and steady infiltration rates followed the order of Qinghai spruce（7.17 mm/min, 5.12 mm/min）〉 Qilian juniper（2.33 mm/min, 1.30 mm/min） 〉 subalpine shrub （1.91 mm/min, 1. 01 mm/min） 〉 subalpine meadow（1.89 mm/min, 0. 77 mm/min）〉steppe（1.4 lmm/min, 0. 44 mm/min）, and they generally listed in theorder of forestland）shrub land）grassland. We evaluated spatial variability of soil physicochemical propemes ancl infiltration rates by variation coefficient. The soil infiltration rates under 5 vegetation types showed significant spatial variability, due
出处
《水土保持学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2016年第1期117-121,126,共6页
Journal of Soil and Water Conservation
基金
国家自然科学基金集成项目(91425301)
关键词
植被类型
土壤理化性质
变异系数
vegetation type
physical and chemical properties of soil
variation coefficient
