摘要
【目的】控释尿素受土壤温度、水分等环境条件的影响,应用效果不一。对比相同施氮量下一次性基施控释尿素与尿素分期施用,以及控释尿素和普通尿素追施对冬小麦籽粒产量、品质,氮肥利用率及综合经济效益的影响,可为控释尿素的合理施用提供理论和技术依据。【方法】采用大田试验,选用新麦26为供试材料,随机区组试验设计,调查了冬小麦籽粒产量、主要品质性状、氮肥利用率及经济效益。设两个试验,试验1:控释尿素和普通尿素各设5个氮肥水平,即N 0、120、160、200和240 kg/hm2;试验2:设不施氮肥、N 200 kg/hm2总氮量下普通尿素和控释尿素均40%返青期追施3个处理。【结果】1)与不施氮(CK)相比,控释尿素和普通尿素均可显著提高小麦籽粒产量,且随着施氮量的增加而增加,其中以分期施用普通尿素N 240 kg/hm2处理籽粒产量最高。相同施氮量下,分期施用普通尿素处理小麦籽粒产量显著高于一次性基施控释尿素处理(N 160 kg/hm2除外)。然而,返青期追施控释尿素处理小麦籽粒产量显著高于同期追施普通尿素处理,增产率达15.8%;2)相同施氮量下,分期施用普通尿素处理较一次性基施控释尿素处理的小麦籽粒容重、蛋白质含量、水分含量、湿面筋含量均有所提高,且两种尿素处理间籽粒容重在N 160 kg/hm2和N 200 kg/hm2时差异达显著水平。然而,返青期追施控释尿素处理小麦籽粒容重、湿面筋含量、蛋白质含量等品质指标显著高于同期追施普通尿素处理;3)两种尿素处理氮肥农学利用率和氮肥偏生产力随施氮量的增加而降低,在相同施氮量下分期施用普通尿素处理显著高于一次性基施控释尿素处理。此外,与分期施用普通尿素处理相比,一次性基施控释尿素处理减少了小麦拔节期追肥人工成本投入,但由于一次性基施控释尿素处理籽粒产量较低和氮肥价格较高,导致经济效�
【Objectives】The application effect of controlled-release urea is usually affected by temperature,soil moisture and other environmental factors,so the reported effect was varied. To provide theoretical and technical supports for selecting the appropriate nitrogen fertilizers and application methods,two comparison experiments between the controlled-release urea and common urea application on winter wheat were performed. 【Methods】A wheat cultivar,Xinmai 26 was used as the experimental crop,and two field experiments were designed with arandomized block. Grain yield,quality traits,nitrogen use efficiency and economic benefit of winter wheat between controlled-release urea and common urea were systematically studied. In the 1st experiment,the controlled-release urea was basal applied in one time,and 60% of commercial urea was basal applied and 40% top dressed at reviving stage,all the two kinds of urea were applied in the five levels： 0（ CK1）,120,160,200 and 240 kg / hm^2,respectively. In the second experiment,using no N fertilizer as control（ CK2）,200 kg / hm^2 of N was applied,and controlled-release urea and commercial urea were all applied in ratio of top-dressed 40%.【Results】1） Compared to CK1,grain yield of winter wheat was significantly increased with the increase of nitrogen application rates of both controlled-release urea and common urea,and the treatment with common urea split application reached the highest grain yield as much as N 240 kg / hm^2. Compared with controlled-release urea one-time application at the same nitrogen rate,the treatment with common urea split application could significantly increase grain yield of winter wheat but not exhibit significant difference at the N 160 kg / hm^2 nitrogen rate. However,compared with topdressing common urea at reviving stage,topdressing controlled-release urea could significantly increase grain yield of winter wheat by 15. 8%. 2） Under the same nitrogen rate,compared with controlled-release urea one-time application as base fertilizati
出处
《植物营养与肥料学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2016年第2期542-549,共8页
Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers
基金
"十二五"科技支撑计划(2013BAD07B07
2011BAD16B07)
农业部公益性行业科研专项(201303102
201203079
201203031)资助
关键词
控释尿素
普通尿素
冬小麦
籽粒产量
氮肥利用率
经济效益
controlled-release urea
common urea
winter wheat
grain yield
nitrogen（N） use efficiency
economic benefit
