摘要
韩民族地处半岛,拥有与生俱来的向海性,而朝鲜时期是其向海性强弱的转折点。以海禁为大背景、防御型海洋政策为基础的朝鲜王朝,国家层面体现出消极的海洋认识,地域层面的向海性虽时有复苏,却因大环境的被动而终究得不到完整释放。从漂流问题来看,本国漂流民对海洋表现出谨慎与敬畏,却又期待漂海带来的异文化体验;外国漂流民在朝鲜王朝得到的待遇,反映出朝廷对海洋外来对象的警惕。朝鲜后期拥有进步思想的实学家们,在海洋认识的停滞上跨出重要一步,对漂流经验持积极态度,然也只到达利用海洋的认识层面,尚未上升至探索海洋的认识层面。可以说这亦是朝鲜王朝探索自身历史主体性的艰难之体现。若要在当下重新获得海洋进出的主动权,韩民族应反思历史上的向海性的变化,以主体姿态在东亚海域中为自己定位。
Situated on the Korean Peninsula, the Korean nation possesses an inherent maritime intentionality, while the Chos6n Dynasty marked a turning point in the intensity of the nation＇s maritime intentionality. With the marine pass prohibition as its background and the defensive maritime policy as its basis, the ChosSn Dynasty embodied a negative marine awareness at national level. As for the regional level, although the maritime intentionality revived at times, it cannot be fully liberated after all due to the prohibition of the overall circumstances. From the perspective of the drifting issues, the domestic drifters regarded the sea with prudence and awe, yet meanwhile they anticipated the experience of foreign cukure brought about by drifting. The way in which the foreign drifters were treated in the ChosSn Dynasty was a reflection of the court＇s vigilance to foreign objects from the sea. in the Late Chos6n Dynasty, those Silhak scholars with progressive thoughts took an important step forward in the standstill of marine awareness and held a positive attitude towards drifting experience. Nevertheless, they only arrived at the cognitive level of utilizing the sea and failed to rise to the level of exploring the sea. It also embodied the difficulties of the ChosSn Dynasty＇s exploring its own historical subjectivity. If it aims to regain the initiative of maritime ingress and egress at present, the Korean nation should reflect upon its historical change of the maritime intentionality and position itself with subjectivity in the East Asia Sea.
出处
《当代韩国》
2015年第4期84-98,共15页
Contemporary Korea
基金
韩国教育部2013年度项目资助
韩国学中央研究院(韩国学振兴规划办
KSPS)"海外韩国学教科研重点基地"项目成果(AKS-2013-OLU-2250003)的一部分
关键词
朝鲜时期
向海性
海禁
漂流民
实学家
海洋认识
the Choson Dynasty, Maritime Intentionality, the Marine Pass Prohibition,Drifters, Silhak Scholars, Marine Awareness
