摘要
伊拉克油气资源丰富,但由于多年战乱,许多油田处于停产或待开发状态,一些炼厂也遭到破坏,伊政府急需来自国际上的投资、技术和作业管理经验来重振油气产业。通过多轮招标,已有包括埃克森美孚、雪佛龙、BP、中石油、中石化等多家国际油公司参与伊拉克的油气投资,但由于复杂的政局、石油法律法规模糊混乱以及中央和地方石油收益分配博弈,使得油公司在油气合同执行过程中问题频出。2014年9月,过分强调教派民族对抗和奉行强硬政策的前总理马利基黯然退出,阿巴迪新政府采取了温和且更务实的政策,缓和了国内矛盾:与库尔德自治区就石油出口和财政支付问题达成和解;尝试推行石油法改革,向地方政府让渡更多权利和收益分成,并为国际投资者提供更多优惠措施。中国油公司曾积极参与伊拉克境内油气投资,成为战后伊拉克最大的外国石油开发商,而目前是进入伊油气市场的又一个历史机遇。可以考虑参与伊中央政府的油田开发、管道建设以及炼厂建设或海水供应一体化项目;另外,在低油价下收购库尔德自治区的中小型油气公司,是中国油公司进入库尔德地区的一个机遇。
Iraq has rich oil and gas resources.However,due to years of chaos caused by war,many oilfields have either suspended production or are yet to be developed and some refineries have also been destroyed.The Iraqi government badly needs international investment,technology and operation management experience to rejuvenate its oil and gas industry.Through multiple rounds of bidding,several international oil companies,such as Exxon Mobil,Chevron,BP,Petro China and Sinopec,have invested in Iraqi oil and gas.However,due to a combination of factors such as complex political situation,obscure and disordered oil-related laws and regulations and the game between the central and local governments over distribution of income from oil,oil companies have met with a host of issues during the fulfilment of oil and gas contracts.In September 2014,former premier Nouri al-Maliki,who has paid too much attention to provocation of religious and ethnic confrontation and pursued a hardline policy,exited from the Iraqi government quietly.The new al-Abadi administration has adopted a moderate and more pragmatic policy to ease domestic contradictions.It reached a settle-ment with the Kurdish autonomous region over oil export and financial payment issues and is trying to push a reform to the country′ s oil law to transfer more rights and shares of incomes to local governments and offer more incentives to international investors.Chinese oil companies actively invested in Iraq ′ s oil and gas sector and became the biggest foreign oil developer as a group in the country after the Iraq War.A new op-portunity has emerged for entering Iraq ′s oil and gas market.Chinese oil companies can consider participating in the Iraqi central government′ s oilfield development,pipeline construction,refinery building or seawater integrated supply projects.In addition,they can consider entering the Kurdish region by acquiring small and medium-sized oil companies in the Kurdish autonomous region at a time of low oil prices.
出处
《中外能源》
CAS
2016年第3期7-13,共7页
Sino-Global Energy
关键词
伊拉克
油气投资
政治局势
库尔德自治区
石油法改革
一体化项目
Iraq
oil and gas investment
political situation
Kurdish autonomous region
oil law reform
integrated supply project
