摘要
Hyperaccumulators concentrate trace metals and heavy metals in their shoots when grown in metal-contaminated soils and these trace metal-loaded plants may be removed by harvesting the fields. Studies exploring the beneficial role of these hyperaccumulators to clean up the environment have led to the development of phytoextraction. The success of phytoextraction depends upon the high biomass of plant species and bioavailability of metals for plant uptake. The phytoavailability of metals is influenced by soil- associated factors, such as pH, redox potential, cation exchange capacity, soil type, and soil texture, and by plant-associated factors, such as root exudates and root rhizosphere processes （microorganisms）. Efficiency of phytoextraction can be improved by advanced agronomic practices including soil and crop management by application of genetic engineering to enhance the metal tolerance, shoot translocation, accumulation, and sequestration and by application of chelate treatments to enhance metal bioavailability. Application of microorganisms including bacteria and mycorrhiza may facilitate the phytoextraction application at commercially large scale.
Hyperaccumulators 当在污染金属的土壤和这些成长时，在他们的射击集中踪迹金属和重金属踪迹装载金属的植物可以被收获这些地移开。探索这些 hyperaccumulators 的有益的角色清理环境的研究导致了 phytoextraction 的发展。phytoextraction 的成功为植物举起取决于植物种类的高生物资源和金属的 bioavailability。金属的 phytoavailability 被联系土壤的因素，并且由联系植物的因素影响，例如 pH，氧化还原作用潜力，阳离子交换能力，土壤类型，和土壤质地，例如根流出物和根根围过程(微生物) 。phytoextraction 的效率能被由遗传工程的申请包括土壤和庄稼管理提高金属忍耐，射击 translocation，累积，和隐遁的先进农学的惯例并且由螯的处理的申请改进提高金属 bioavailability。包括细菌和 mycorrhiza 的微生物的申请可以在商业地大的规模便于 phytoextraction 申请。
