摘要
高强度的人类活动促使LUCC对水圈和生物圈产生了巨大的影响,以塔里木盆地北缘典型绿洲渭干河—库车河三角洲绿洲为研究区,采用1989年、1998年以及2013年多期遥感影像,利用最大似然的方法对影像进行分类并统计出研究区耕地、林地、盐渍地、水体以及裸地的变化,讨论LUCC对水文及生态特征的影响。结果表明:(1)从水文特征方面来看,由于人类活动强度加强导致渭干河—库车河三角洲绿洲的LUCC大幅度的改变。自1989—2013年这25a间,耕地面积总共增加2.408×103km2。而由于耕地面积的增加,促使用于灌溉等用水量大量增加,加上修建渠道、水库等活动促进地表径流量有所增加,导致研究区年径流量呈现出缓缓上升趋势。因为随着灌区排水系统的完善,疏干了低洼地的积水,降低了相应地域的地下水位,从而造成地下水位呈现出逐年下降的趋势。(2)从生态特征方面看,人类活动作为主导因素所导致的LUCC通过与气候变化交互作用,引起温度、湿度以及蒸发量发生变化;耕地面积的大范围增加,导致草地、林地等自然栖息地破碎化和丧失,加之25a间由于人为饲养家禽种类的简化、数量的大幅度增长,在综合作用结果下,最终导致生物多样性简化、单一性愈发显著。因此,本研究为系统开展LUCC对生态环境影响的趋势和机制方面有较高的科学价值。
Land use/land cover change （LUCC） is one of the core issues in global change research. Because of human behaviors, especially the aggravated land utilization by wasteland cultivation, more fertilizer and land utilization change resulting from cosmically disafforestation and disintegrating habit, the nature landscape was seriously destroyed and the survival environment of animals and plants was inflected, which degrade the eco-system function. As a result, high intensity of human activity let LUCC has the great influence on the hydrosphere and biosphere. We used the typical oasis Weigan-kuqa River as the study area. We used the method of maximum likelihood for image classification and statistics of cultivated land, forest land, saline land, water, and the bare land in the years of 1989, 1998, 2013. The results show that. （1） from the aspects of hydrological, LUCC changed significantly because of the human activities in the oasis Weigan-kuqa Rive, from 1989 to 2013, in total, cultivated area increased by 2. 408 × 103 km2 that led to irrigation and other water consumption, at the same time, combination of construction of irrigation channels and reservoirs and other activities promoted increased surface runoff and caused the decline of underground water level year by year; （2） from the aspects of ecological, LUCC caused climate change with the main factors of human activi- ty in the study area, it was caused by changes in temperature, humidity and evaporation, with the wide- spread increase of arable land, grassland and woodland area decreased to some extent, making the biodiversi- ty simple and simplex significantly. Therefore, study on the characteristics of hydrological and ecological as well as environmental impacts and mechanisms based on the LUCC has the significant scientific value.
出处
《水土保持研究》
CSCD
北大核心
2016年第2期236-242,359,共7页
Research of Soil and Water Conservation
基金
新疆自然科学基金"塔里木河流域典型绿洲土地利用/覆盖变化的生态水文效应研究"(2012211B04)
关键词
LUCC
水文
生态
最大似然分类
LUCC
hydrological
ecological
maximum likelihood classification
