摘要
从理论上看,对外贸易对碳生产率的影响取决于技术效应与结构效应的共同作用,总的影响不确定。本文利用88个国家1992~2011年的面板数据,构造静态、动态面板模型,实证分析了对外贸易对碳生产率的影响,发现进出口依存度、出口依存度、进口依存度均与碳生产率正相关,且高收入组比中等收入组更容易通过对外贸易渠道提升碳生产率。这对于我国的启示在于要充分重视对外贸易尤其是进口贸易对于提升碳生产率的积极作用,将资源、碳密集型产业通过对外直接投资的形式转移出去,并依靠进口满足国内需求,还要优化贸易结构、产业结构、能源结构,提高能源利用效率,走新型工业化和城镇化道路,通过提升碳生产率实现向低碳经济的平稳过渡。
From a theoretical point of view, the impact of foreign trade on carbon productivity depends on a combination of technical and structural factors,and the overall impact is not certain. This paper uses the 1992–2011 panel data from 88 countries to construct static and dynamic panel models and performs an empirical analysis of the impact of foreign trade on carbon productivity. We find that import and export dependence, export dependence, and import dependence are all positively related to carbon productivity; and that the high- income countries can improve carbon productivity through foreign trade more easily than the middle-income countries. Our conclusions should encourage policymakers to focus on the role of foreign trade, especially imports, in improving carbon productivity.China can transfer resource- and carbon- intensive industries to other developing countries through FDI and meet domestic demand with imports. In addition, China should also optimize its trade, industrial, and energy structures; improve energy efficiency; and pursue new paradigms of industrialization and urbanization to make enhancing carbon productivity a cornerstone of a smooth transition to a low-carbon economy.
基金
国家自然科学基金重点项目:推动经济发达地区产业转型升级的机制与政策研究(项目编号:71333007)
关键词
对外贸易
碳生产率
技术效应
结构效应
系统GMM
Foreign trade
Carbon productivity
Technical effect
Structural effect
SYS-GMM
