摘要
自主性问题是道德哲学和伦理学领域的核心问题。传统的自主理论研究往往采取一种先验的研究视角,因围绕心理诚实性展开而表现出内在主义倾向,实际上把个体自主性问题归结为人的心理层面的问题。从个体所处的社会事实来考察个体自主性,则是一种典型的自然主义进路,它主张根据人类的自然倾向、所处的社会环境来考察研究对象,而不是仅仅依靠神秘的先验直觉或既定的逻辑结构。这种具有外在主义倾向的视角主张,根据人类的自然状态(人的生理条件等)以及社会化状况(自主性实现的外部条件)来理解个体自主性,并且它实现的关键在于一个双向的控制:对内满足(1)个体具备各种相关能力;对外满足(2)确保各种能力的行使。通过考察人作为自然状态存在的自主性的实现,总结出基于自我反思的认知能力、理性、过程独立这三个实现自主的基本要素;通过分析可能会对这三者产生影响的社会环境因素,提出确保个体自主实现的社会环境条件。
The concept of autonomy is the focus of much controversy and debate in ethics and moral philosophy, often having been researched from the psychological aspect which tends to adopt a supernatural or transcendental perspective, ignoring the impact of environmental factors on autonomy.We introduce Haack Susan＇s Weak Naturalism into the paper to state and display that autonomy is not just something internal or something that supervenes on psychological states, but it is a social-relational phenomenon. We incline to examine individual autonomy from the individual＇s social facts, according to the natural state of mankind（human physiological conditions, etc.） as well as socialization conditions（autonomy to achieve external conditions） to understand personal autonomy. By examining the implementation and realization of the personal autonomy of man as a natural being, we draw the conclusion that the cognitive ability based on self-reflection, rationality, procedural independency are the three basic factors for personal au-tonomy to be realized; by analyzing the social factors which may possibly affect those three factors, we propose some social conditions to ensure the realization of personal autonomy.
出处
《自然辩证法研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2016年第3期57-62,共6页
Studies in Dialectics of Nature
基金
浙江省社科规划课题(16NDJC027Z)
国家社科基金项目(13BZX083)
中国博士后科学基金(2015T80634)(2014M560492)
