摘要
【目的】阐明抽穗期源库关系对常规粳稻花后营养器官干物质、非结构性碳水化合物(NSC)和氮、磷、钾矿质元素等转运的影响,明确促进水稻植株养分高效再利用的粒叶比。【方法】以淮稻5号和宁粳3号两个常规粳稻品种为材料进行大田试验,分别于抽穗期选择茎生绿叶6片且开花进程一致的单茎,采用剪叶疏花的方法调节源库关系,将处理后当天每穗颖花数与单茎叶面积的比值定义为粒叶比,测定抽穗至成熟期叶片、茎鞘中干物质、NSC及氮、磷、钾的含量,计算相关物质的转运率,并分析其与粒叶比的关系。【结果】与对照(L0S0)相比,剪叶处理(L1/2S0)通过提高粒叶比,显著降低了结实率和千粒重,其中淮稻5号分别降低了8.6%—10.5%和19.0%—8.0%,宁粳3号分别降低了9.7%—20.4%和5.7%—12.6%;而疏花处理通过降低粒叶比,显著提高了结实率和千粒重,其中淮稻5号平均提高了3.4%—6.7%和1.2%—18.7%,宁粳3号平均提高了2.0%—4.3%和6.9%—17.3%,同一品种不同疏花处理之间的结实率和千粒重无显著的差异,但年份之间的表现并不一致,2014年水稻季的气候条件更有利于籽粒灌浆充实,其结实率和千粒重及提高幅度普遍高于2013年。剪叶处理显著提高了常规粳稻抽穗至成熟期叶片和茎鞘中干物质、NSC及氮、磷、钾等矿质元素的转运率,两品种间差异较小,不同年份间未表现出实质性的差异;而疏花处理则显著降低了抽穗至成熟期叶片和茎鞘中干物质、NSC及氮、磷、钾等的转运率,且疏花越多降低幅度越大,不同品种和不同年份间未表现出实质性的差异,但叶片和茎鞘干物质、NSC转运对疏花的响应存在根本性区别,随着疏花增多,叶片中干物质和NSC转运率下降,而茎鞘中干物质和NSC转运在表观上出现滞留不外运的现象。进一步分析叶片和茎鞘中干物质、NSC及氮、磷、钾的转运率(y)与抽穗期粒叶�
[ Objective ] This study investigated how source-sink relationship manipulation could affect dry matter, non-structural carbohydrate, nitrogen （N）, phosphorus（P） and potassium（K） nutrient translocation of rice after anthesis and clarify the SPP/LAPC that promotes nutrient efficient recycling in rice.[ Method ]Two japonica rice cultivars, Huaidao 5 and Ningjing 3 were field grown in 2013 and 2014. Leaf-cutting and spikelet-thinning treatments were made on single stems with 6 leaves and consistent flowering process to regulate source-sink relationship at heading stage, define the ratio of spikelets per panicle and leaf area per culm as SPP/LAPC, dry matter, non-structural carbohydrate（NSC）, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium translocation rate （including leaf and stem-sheath） of two cultivars were measured in heading to harvesting period, so as to study the relationship between dry matter/NSC and nutrient translocation, and the relationship between SPP/LAPC and nutrient translocation of leaf and stem-sheath, respectively. [ Result ]Compared to the control（LoS0）, leaf-cutting treatment significantly decreased filled-grain percentage and 1000-grain weight as SPP/LAPC increased significantly, Huaidao5 reduced 8.6%-10.5% and 19.0%-8.0%, respectively, Ningjing3 reduced 9.7%-20.4% and 5.7%-12.6%, respectively; whereas spikelet-thinning treatment significantly increased filled-grain percentage and 1000-grain weight as SPP/LAPC decreased significantly, Huaidao5 average increased 3.4%-6.7% and 1.2%-18.7% by an average, Ningjing3 increased 2.0%-4.3% and 6.9%-17.3% by an average. Percentage of ripened grains and 1000-ripened grain weight showed no significant difference between different spikelet-thinning treatments of the same variety, but differed in years. The 2014 rice season weather was more beneficial to grain filling, filled-grain rate, 1000-grain weight and their increasing range when compared with 2013. Leaf-cutting treatment increased dry matter, NSC and nutrient translocation rate of leaf a
出处
《中国农业科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2016年第4期643-656,共14页
Scientia Agricultura Sinica
基金
国家粮食丰产科技工程(2011BAD16B03
2012BAD04B08
2013BAD07B09)
江苏苏省科技支撑计划(BE2014392
BE2014393)
关键词
常规粳稻
源库
剪叶疏花
粒叶比
氮磷钾转运
conventional japonica rice
source-sink
leaf cutting and spikelet thinning
spikelets per panicle/leaf area per culm
N/P/K translocation
