摘要
根据2005年国务院《疫苗流通和预防接种管理条例》的要求,全国（未包括香港、澳门特别行政区和台湾地区,下同）所有的省、自治区、直辖市和新疆生产建设兵团已公开发布相应的补偿办法,对预防接种异常反应给予一次性补偿。其中,补偿测算方法和补偿额度是政府、疫苗生产企业、疫苗受种方等各方关注的核心问题。本研究比较分析了各省份的预防接种异常反应补偿测算方法,并计算了各省份各类损伤的补偿额度。2014年1岁以内婴儿死亡补偿金、残疾生活补助费、其他损伤费用补偿的最高额度中位数分别为28.2万元、5.1万元~46.2万元和2.3万元。研究发现省际间异常反应补偿额度差异过大、同类损伤补偿费用种类不一、补偿费用测算弹性过大、补偿申请与审核程序复杂等问题。建议各省份逐步向总体费用补偿的方向发展,逐步平衡或统一不同省份同一类型损伤的补偿费用类别,进一步明晰测算指标和测算方法,并简化补偿申请手续。对不足以证实或排除的预防接种异常反应,可采取＂疑点利益归属于受害人＂的原则给予一定补偿。建议国家层面可考虑计算补偿资金需求,针对多方来源进行补偿专项筹资,以对各省份提供支持,推动补偿制度的发展完善和预防接种异常反应风险管理。
Objective Regulations on Administration of Vaccine Circulation and Immunization, issued by the State Council in 2005, require that provincial level governments be responsible for a lump sum eco- nomic compensation for adverse reactions following immunization. All provinces and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps have so far enacted their compensation methods. This study examines the calcula- tion methods, and calculates and compares total amounts of the compensation fee for various injuries of infants 〈 1 year old due to adverse reactions following immunization among provinces. The median of the upper amount in 2014 for death compensation, allowances for different grades of disability, and other in- juries compensation are 282, 51-462 and 23 thousands RMB, respectively. Four main problems among provinces are identified： big differences in total compensation amounts, different calculated compensation items for the same kinds of reactions, different calculation parameters, and complicated processes of com- pensation application and review. This study suggest that： firstly, provinces should use a lump sum amount instead of reimbursing detailed actual expenses to compensate reaction victims; secondly, compen- sation for the same kinds of reactions should be equalized ; thirdly, calculation formulae should be further clarified ; and fourthly, compensation processes should be simplified. For those victims lacking strong evidence of adverse reactions, the principle of ＇for doubt the benefit belongs to the victim＇ should be adopted for them to acquire a certain amount of compensation. In order to improve the compensation systems and the risk management of adverse reaction after immunization in China, it is suggested that the central government establish a nation-wide financing plan to pool funds from multiple sources to support provincial compensations.
出处
《中国疫苗和免疫》
北大核心
2015年第6期691-702,679,共13页
Chinese Journal of Vaccines and Immunization
基金
国家自然科学基金
预防接种异常反应:风险的社会扩大和社会管理
编号:71373027
中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助
关键词
预防接种
异常反应
补偿
Immunization
Adverse Events Following Immunization
Compensation
