摘要
水稻生产正向资源节约和环境友好的方向转型,常规高产稻作技术亟待创新.本研究以粳稻辽星1号为试材,在2012、2013年研究密度增加、基蘖肥减少、穗肥稳定的"增密减氮"栽培模式对东北水稻产量和氮肥利用效率及温室效应的影响.结果表明:与常规高产栽培模式相比,在基本苗增加33.3%和基蘖肥施氮量减少20.0%的条件下,氮肥农学效率和氮肥偏生产力两年平均分别提高49.6%(P<0.05)和20.4%(P<0.05),单位面积和单位产量的温室效应两年平均分别下降9.9%和12.7%(P<0.05).虽然水稻有效穗数和总生物量下降,但结实率和收获指数提高,所以产量基本稳定甚至提高.增密减氮降低了土壤NH_4^+-N和NO_3^--N浓度,提高了氮素回收效率.表明适度增密减氮可兼顾水稻高产、氮肥高效利用和温室气体减排.
The traditional rice growing practice has to change to save resource and protect environment, and it＇ s necessary to develop new technology in rice cultivation. Therefore, a two-year field experiment of Japonica rice （ Liaoxing 1 ） was conducted in Northeast China in 2012 and 2013 to investigate the integrated effects of dense planting with less basal nitrogen （N） and unchanged topdressing N （IR）on rice yield, N use efficiency （NUE）and greenhouse gas emissions. Compared with traditional practice （CK） , we increased the basal N rate by 20%. The results showed that the rice seedling density by 33.3% and reduced the average N agronomy efficiency and partial factor productivity were improved by 49.6% （P〈0.05） and 20.4% （P〈0.05）, respectively, while the area- and yield-scaled greenhouse gas emissions were reduced by 9.9% and 12.7% （P〈0.05） , respectively. Although IR cropping mode decreased panicle number and biomass production, it significantly enhanced rice seed setting rate and harvest index, resulting in an unchanged or even higher yield. NH4^＋-N and NO3^--N concentrations in rice rhizosphere soil were reduced, resulting in an increment of N recovery efficiency. Generally, proper dense planting with less basal N application could be a good approach for the trade-off between rice yield, NUE and greenhouse gas emission.
出处
《应用生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2016年第2期453-461,共9页
Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology
基金
国家科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD16B14
2015BAC02B02)
公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费(201503122)
中国农业科学院农业科技创新工程项目资助~~
关键词
粮食安全
资源利用
水稻种植
增密减氮
温室气体
food security
resource use
rice planting
dense planting with less nitrogen applica- tion
greenhouse gas.
