摘要
分析我国草原植物生产和动物生产，比较国内外草原生产力。结果表明，在过去的30余年中，我国一部分草原产草量下降，局部变化不显著。世界草原对畜产品生产的贡献率为40．08％；中等收入国家为67.35％。全球24．1％的牛肉和31．9％的羊肉来自草原，低收入国家草原载畜量分别高出高收入国家和中等收入国家87．4％和66．4％，畜产品生产分别只有两者的37-3％和71．9％。适宜的放牧利用，可使我国的草原生产能力达到6．35-10^9畜产品单位（APU）；全国草原单纯依靠放牧每年可产肉2．959×10^6t，占全国肉类总产量的3．5％，占全国牛羊肉总产量的27．4％。通过草原畜牧业的现代化转型可接近高收入国家水平，增产潜力约为50％～200％。
Through analyzing the plant production and animal production of grassland in China and comparing the grassland productivity at home and abroad, the author finds that, in the past over 30 years, the grass production of grassland declined slightly in some regions of China. Among the global animal products, 40.08% came from the world＇s grassland and 67.35% was from middle income countries. 24.1% of the global beef production and 31.9% of the global mutton production were supported by grassland. The grazing capacity of the grassland of low income countries was 87.4% higher than that of high income countries and 66.4% higher than that of middle income countries. However, their output of animal products respectively accounts for 37.3% and 71.9% of that of high and middle income countries. With appropriate grazing utilization, the productivity of grassland in China can reach 6.35x 109 APU. The meat production from animal grazing grassland can reach 2.959x l 06 t, accounting for 3.5% of the national meat production and 27.4% of the national beef and mutton production. After the transformation of modernization of grassland animal husbandry, China＇s grassland productivity will be close to that of high income countries with a potential increase of about 50%-200%.
出处
《中国工程科学》
北大核心
2016年第1期80-93,共14页
Strategic Study of CAE
基金
中国工程院重大咨询项目“中国草地生态保障与食物安全战略研究”(2012-ZD-7
2013-GCK-ZD-3)
长江学者和创新团队发展计划项目“草地农业系统耦合与管理”(IRT13019)
关键词
草原生产力
产草量
放牧
载畜量
畜产品单位(APU)
grassland productivity
grass production
grazing
grazing capacity
animal product unit （APU）
