摘要
随着21世纪社会日新月异的发展,博物馆也发生了很大变化,给博物馆重新定义提上了日程。本文对现行博物馆定义做了分析评述,并从博物馆道德规范、博物馆功能与角色两方面对博物馆新定义进行了初步的探讨。在现行博物馆定义中,完全没有道德规范的内容,新定义中有必要增加。职业道德可概括为四个主要原则:诚实性、真实性、责任性、独立性。新形势下博物馆功能可归为博物馆化和可视化,而从关注藏品转移到关注观众,正是从博物馆化到可视化的进程,是博物馆发展的趋势。在新定义中应包含五个要素:博物馆化、社会、可视化、观众、道德,定义形式则可分为三类:一个非常简短的全球性定义,其中只包含一些要点;一系列有约束力的指导原则,用于解释不同要点;许多应含有ICOM认可元素的区域性或主题的适应定义。
Ethics and the Code of Ethics don't appear at all in the actual museums definition. The paper suggests adding a new sentence concerning ethical behaviour as an important base of all activities of a museum. The main principles of the Code could be summarized with four central keywords: truthfulness(concerning our research work and our subjective view of the facts), authenticity(with respect to the information given and to the objects), responsibility(with regard to the society and to the preservation of the heritage), and independence(from political and financial outside influences). Since a detailed explanation of these principles would overload the definition, the establishment of guidelines is suggested, as they will be provided also for the Code of Ethics itself. In addition, I propose them also for other topics of the museums definition. Such a procedure allows to maintain on one hand a long lasting short definition enumerating basic principles and on the other hand to open the possibility of bringing the definition into the line with the evolution of the society and of museology. I think that it is important to add that such bylaws must be more than just informal comments of different keywords of the definition; they must have a similar compulsory nature as the main text.The relationship between museums and the society is a very complex theme because many topics are involved: Financing – collections – architecture – public – society – leadership. And we could add tourism – globalization – research – communication – marketing etc. The different hotspots are examined in their positions oscillating between a traditional and a modernist approach! I present my subject following the long-established duties of museum and add some overall domains like financing, marketing, and the growing importance of visitors.So, I suggest ? Avery short general(ICOM) definition with just some essentials, such as musealization, society, visualization, visitor, and ethics? A series of obliging guidelines explaining
出处
《博物院》
2017年第6期12-19,共8页
Museum
