摘要
针对"单一评价指标"难以准确揭示城市空气污染特征的问题,基于"空气质量浓度、人口暴露强度、人口加权浓度"3个指标,以长沙市为例,对比分析了各指标在城市PM2.5污染防控区划中的差异与优缺点。结果表明,研究区质量浓度指标区划下的暴露防控区呈梯度面分布,空间平滑效应明显。而顾及人口特征的人口暴露强度和人口加权浓度两个指标能够揭示污染防控区的空间微观差异,但前者受人口空间分布因素的影响过大,风险异常集聚效应"突出"。融入空气质量标准的人口加权浓度相对风险指标能够更准确地揭示长沙市人口PM2.5暴露风险空间变化规律。开展城市PM2.5污染防控多指标空间区划研究,有利于弥补单一指标评价结果的局限性及不确定性。
Taking Changsha as a case study sample, this paper in- tends to present the comparative analysis results of the difference, the merits and demerits of the three-indicators system, i.e. ＂the air quality concentration, the residence exposure intensity, and the resi- dence weighted concentration＂ in the zones of PM2.5 emission preven- tion and control area. The said analysis method has been done via the reclassification, ordinary Kriging interpolation, remote sensing image based land-mapping model （PDMM） and GIS raster calcula- tion. In doing so, we have adopted the data in relation to the daily PM2.5 concentrations observed at 10 stationary monitoring sites in a typical polluted date and the national Census Data （2010）. In order to prepare the PM2.5 concentration raster map with high spatial resolu- tion, we have adopted the census data extracted to produce the local residential density map at the resolution of 30 m x 30 m. The results of our comparative analysis show that ＂the air pollution concentration＂ based PM2.5 emission in Changsha is assumed to be of a graded form with obvious smooth effect, which can be taken as a rough sketch in- dicating the air pollution exposure risk in an urban area. Compara- tively speaking, the demographic feature based method of ＂the resi＇- dential exposure intensity＂ and ＂residential weighted concentration＂ helps to disclose the spatial variation of PM2.5 emission at a micro lev- el （30 m x 30 m）. To be exact, ＂the residential exposure intensity＂ accounts for 78.39% in per-person terms in the highest risk zones, for the zones hit by ＂per-person exposure intensity＂ are heavy and prone to be emission distributed. Since the air quality standard is in- volved with the ＂per-person weighted emission concentration＂ distri- bution （54.51% of per-person PM2.5 inhale rate in the high risk area） , it involves 19.75% of the relatively safe area and 25% of the transient area under study. Hence, it would be better to accttrately disclose the variati
出处
《安全与环境学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2016年第1期337-342,共6页
Journal of Safety and Environment
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(41201384)
湖南省自然科学基金项目(12JJ3034)
资源与环境信息系统国家重点实验室开放基金项目(A类)
关键词
环境学
暴露评估
PM2.5
环境风险
environmetalology
exposure assessment
PM2.5
envi-ronmental risk
