摘要
基于修正的通用土壤流失方程（RUSLE）和GIS空间分析技术,定量分析了安徽省土壤侵蚀及其养分流失的空间分布特征,探讨了土壤侵蚀强度与海拔、坡度等地形因子的关系。结果表明：2010年安徽省土壤侵蚀总量为3 454×104 t a-1,土壤侵蚀模数平均值为256.9 t km-2 a-1。全省以微度土壤侵蚀为主,侵蚀强度由北向南逐渐加剧。淮北与沿淮平原、江淮丘陵岗地以微度土壤侵蚀为主,皖南丘陵山区和皖西大别山区以强度侵蚀为主。海拔200~500 m和坡度15°~25°的区域土壤侵蚀量最大。不同土壤侵蚀强度在各高程、坡度带的面积分布比例规律相似,随着海拔和坡度的增加,土壤侵蚀强度逐渐加剧。微度侵蚀的面积比例逐渐减小,其他侵蚀强度的面积比例逐渐增加。全省因土壤侵蚀引起的土壤有机碳（SOC）、全氮（TN）、全磷（TP）和全钾（TK）等养分流失总量为106.6×104 t a-1,其中SOC、TN、TP和TK的平均流失量分别为3.57、0.37、0.10和3.90 t km-2 a-1。土壤养分流失量总体上由北向南逐渐增多,淮北与沿淮平原四种养分平均流失量和流失总量最小,皖南丘陵山区平均流失量和流失总量最大。
Soil erosion is a major ecological and environmental issue concerned globally. It causes soil degradation and some environmental problems as well. Based on Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation（RUSLE）and GIS spatial analysis technique,this research quantitatively analyzed the spatial distribution of soil erosion and soil nutrient loss in Anhui Province,and explored relationships of soil erosion intensity with elevation and slope based on Arc GIS zonal statistics. Results show that in 2010 the total amount of soil erosion was 3 454×104 t a-1,and the mean soil erosion modulus was 256.9 t km-2 a-1. The soil erosion in the province as a whole was dominantly trivial in degree,with 90.10% or 121 200 km2 in the grade of trivial erosion,and 1.12% or 1 521 km2 in the grade of intensive erosion distributed mainly in the hilly region of South Anhui and the Dabieshan mountain region of West Anhui. The grade of light erosion contributed 1 016×104 t a-1,29.42 % to the total amount of soil erosion,the grade of trivial erosion did 677.6×104 t a-1 or 19.62%,and the grade of highly intensive erosion did 125.3×104 t a-1 or 3.63%. Spatially,soil erosion intensified from north to south. Trivial soil erosion,the dominant grade of soil erosion,was distributed mainly in the North Anhui Plain,the riverine plains alongside the Huaihe River and the hilly region between the Yangtze River and the Huaihe River,while intensive soil erosion,in the hilly region of South Anhui and the mountains of West Anhui. Intensity degree of the soil erosion in the study area was closely related to elevation and slope. The soil erosion on slopes,15°~25°in gradient and 200~500 m in elevation,was the most severe. Distributions of soil erosions different in intensity in areas different in elevation and slope displayed a similar rule,that is,with rising elevation and slope,the soil erosion gradually increased in intensity,and the area of trivial soil erosion shrank gradually,while the areas of the other grades of soil erosion expanded gradually. The tota
出处
《土壤学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2016年第1期28-38,共11页
Acta Pedologica Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(41501226)
土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室开放基金项目(Y412201431)
国家科技基础性工作专项(2008FY110600)资助~~
