摘要
目的探讨重度颅脑外伤患者发生阵发性交感神经过度兴奋综合征（PSH）时的临床特征，对其进行积极有效的预防及治疗，减少并发症的发生，改善患者预后。方法选取20例发生PSH的重度颅脑外伤患者，对其性别、年龄、诊断、临床表现及实验室和影像学检查进行分析比较，归纳总结对此类患者的诊疗经验。结果20例中男14例，女6例，年龄22～65（35．4±9．5）岁，其中16例行单侧或双侧颅内血肿清除术及去骨瓣减压术，4例予保守治疗。脑外伤后出现PSH的时间：1-3d9例，4～21d7例，21d以后4例。每例患者发作频率及持续时间无明显规律，可每日数次或数日1次，发作持续时间一般在5min内。头颅CT及MRI检查提示额叶、颞叶、顶叶、枕叶、小脑、间脑及脑干等单个或多个部位损伤，包括出血、弥漫性轴索损伤、脑积水、软化灶等。20例患者予积极药物治疗及对症处理后完全控制12例，有效控制6例，2例无效。结论重度颅脑外伤患者易发生PSH，应引起重视，早期积极有效的预防和治疗，能改善患者的预后。
Objective To discuss the clinical symptoms of severe traumatic cerebral injury patients with paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity （PSH）. These patients were given positive and effective prevention and treatment to reduce complications in order to improve prognosis. Methods Twenty patients with PSH were selected from October 2010 to October 2014 and were analyzed by gender, age, diagnosis, clinical symptoms, laboratory and equipment inspection to summary the treatment experiences of such patients. Results Of the 20 patients,14 were males and 6 were females,with age of 22-65 （35.4 ＋ 9.5） years. Sixteen patients underwent unilateral or bilateral intracranial hematoma and decompressive cranieetomy,and 4 patients were given conservative treatment. PSH occurred in these patients within 1 week after cerebral injury or surgery. However, the elderly might occur in the course of a few weeks or even months later. Each patient＇ s seizure frequency and duration had no significant regular pattern. The frequency varied from one time in several days to several times one day. Seizure duration was generally less than half an hour. All of the patients underwent CT and MRI examinations and showed different parts of the brain injury. But the damage of the brain stem, corpus callosum, basal ganglia and lateral ventricles beside sympathetic overactivity could lead to the occurrence of PSH. Most of the patients had a good effect after active drug treatment and symptomatic therapy. Conclusions PSH often occurs in severe traumatic cerebral injury patients. The doctor should pay attention to PSH. Early active and effective prevention and treatment can improve the prognosis of patients with PSH.
出处
《中国医师进修杂志》
2016年第1期42-45,共4页
Chinese Journal of Postgraduates of Medicine
关键词
颅脑外伤
诊断
阵发性交感神经过度兴奋
Brain injuries
Diagnosis
Paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity
