摘要
【目的】全株小麦作为草食动物的青贮饲料在国外已很普遍,而在国内研究较少,也未见饲用专用小麦品种。从15个小麦品种中选出早熟品种石麦001、HYN和晚熟品种徐麦856这3个较好的品种,进一步研究比较其在南方冬闲田种植的干物质产量、营养价值和青贮发酵品质,为华南地区冬闲田种植适宜小麦品种提供理论依据。【方法】小麦在晚稻收割后播种,播种密度为330万株/hm^2,每个品种3次重复,随机区组排列,每个小区面积12 m^2(3 m×4 m)。肥料以复合肥(N:P2O5:K2O=15:6:8)分基肥和拔节肥按6:4两次施入,N、P_2O_5和K_2O的施入量分别为90.0、36.0和48.0 kg·hm^(-2)。蜡熟期观测3个小麦品种的株高、分蘖数,并每小区选取1个1.0 m×1.0 m的样方进行测产;无菌操作取地面10 cm以上植株,装入无菌封口袋放置冰盒中冷藏,带回实验室分析微生物数量;将鲜样切断至20—30 mm,取300 g充分混匀,装入30 cm×40 cm的聚乙烯青贮袋中脱气、密封,实验室青贮2个月后分析其青贮发酵品质及好氧安定性。从剩余鲜样中取部分烘干、粉碎用于常规营养成分、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维和人工干物质消化率分析,并计算粗蛋白产量和相对饲用价值。【结果】石麦001的株高、干物质产量和粗蛋白产量分别为75.27 cm、6.69 t·hm^(-2)和0.53 t·hm^(-2),显著高于其他两个品种(P<0.05),而HYN的干物质消化率和相对饲用价值最高(63.84%DM和113.51)。徐麦856的粗蛋白含量显著高于HYN(P<0.05),与石麦001差异不显著(P>0.05);HYN、石麦001和徐麦856的可溶性碳水化合物含量分别为11.83%DM、9.14%DM和5.93%DM,彼此差异显著(P<0.05)。附着的乳酸菌、好氧细菌、酵母和霉菌数量在3个品种间无显著差异(P>0.05),乳酸菌数量较多,都超过了10~6 cfu·g^(-1) FM。青贮袋开封后,石麦001和HYN的pH在4.3左右,低于徐麦856的4.50,但差异不显著(P<0.05);石麦001青贮料中乳酸含
【Objective】The whole-crop wheat（Triticum aestivum L.） has been used as forage for a long time in some countries. However, there were few studies and no forage wheat was bred in China. The present research compared the yields, nutrient value and fermentation quality of 3 wheat varieties selected from 15 varieties before, in order to provide a theoretical basis for planting wheat on winter fallow fields in South China. 【Method】Wheat was sown after autumn rice was harvested. The seedling density of three varieties was 3.3×10~5 plants·hm^（-2） with three replicates in a randomized block design, and the area of each plot was 12 m^2（3 m×4 m）. The N, P_2O_5 and K_2O were applied with 90.0, 36.0 and 48.0 kg·hm^（-2） at a ratio of 6 to 4 as base fertilizer to topdressing at jointing stage. At dough stage, the plant height, tiller number of wheat were observed, and the yield was determined using a quadrant of 1.0 m×1.0 m in triplicates; the plant materials above 10 cm of the ground were taken for microbiological analysis. The fresh samples were taken for chemical analyses and silage making. Fresh wheat materials were chopped into 2 to 3 cm lengths. After thorough mixing, 300 g of fresh materials was immediately packed into a plastic film bag（30 cm × 40 cm） in triplicates, degassed and sealed using a vacuum sealer. Thereafter, the bags were maintained at dark place for 60 d at the ambient temperature for silage quality investigation. The dried materials were ground by a hammer mill for chemical analyses.【Result】The plant height and yields of dry matter and crude protein of Shimai 001 were 75.27 cm, 6.69 and 0.53 t·hm^（-2）, respectively, significantly higher than the other two varieties（P0.05）; the dry matter digestibility and relative feeding value of HYN were the highest（63.84% DM and 113.51）. The crude protein content of Xumai 856 was higher than that of HYN（P0.05）, while Shimai 001 had no significant differences with the former varieties. The soluble carbohydrates cont
出处
《中国农业科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2016年第2期399-406,共8页
Scientia Agricultura Sinica
基金
十二五国家科技支撑计划(2011BAD17B02-05)
关键词
小麦
冬闲田
营养价值
青贮
wheat
winter fallow field
nutritional value
ensiling
