摘要
介绍了近年来世界PVC生产技术在原料、清洁生产、聚合方法、助剂等方面的发展，包括：①以可再生资源甲烷为原料制备氯乙烯、氯乙醇脱水制氯乙烯，完全摆脱汞催化剂；②充分利用氯乙烯生产过程中精馏塔塔顶、塔釜流出物热量，节省10％－20％的能量；③用单电子转移－退化链转移活性自由基聚合技术进行氯乙烯的活性自由基聚合，实现了氯乙烯常温聚合、聚合物分子质量可控，且加工时不需要加入增塑剂；④在氯乙烯微悬浮聚合体系中，加入一种水溶性过渡金属盐和一种络合剂，可以明显提高聚合早期的反应速度，同时改善PVC树脂的热稳定性，降低单体残留量；⑤少量马来酸酯与醋酸乙烯共聚然后水解制得的改性聚乙烯醇用作氯乙烯聚合的分散剂，用量少、粘釜轻，并可提高PVC树脂的表观密度、降低“鱼眼”数；⑥以不对称环多元酸酯和丙酮衍生物作环保增塑剂，可全面替代有毒的苯甲酸酯增塑剂，性能优越、成本低廉。
The progresses of world-wide PVC duced in aspects of raw materials, clean production, the followings： ① producing vinyl chloride by using production technology in recent years were intro-polymerization processes, and additives, including methane from renewable resources as raw materials, or by the dehydration of chloroethanol, in the absence of mercury catalyst; ② fully utilizing the effluent heat both from the top and the bottom of distillation columns, to cut energy consumption by 10% - 20% ; ③ the living radical polymerization of vinyl chloride conducted by single electron transfer -degenerative chain transfer -mediated living radical polymerization technology, to achieve the polymerization of vinyl chloride at room temperature, controllable molecule weight of PVC polymer, and no addition of plasticizers during processing; ④ the addition of a kind of water soluble transition metal salt and a kind of complexing agent into the microsuspension polymerization system of vinyl chloride, to speed up the early polymerization significantly, increase the thermal stability of PVC resins, and reduce residual monomer content; ⑤ a kind of modified polyvinyl alcohol obtained by copolymerization and hydrolysis of a small amount of maleate ester and vinyl acetate, which was used as the dispersant in small amount in polymerization of vinyl chloride to realize less scales on polymerizers, increase in apparent density of PVC resins, and reduction in fish eye number; ⑥ asymmetric ring polybasic acid esters and acetone derivatives, used as environmental friendly plasticizer with superior performance and low cost to fully replace toxic benzoic acid ester plasticizer.
出处
《聚氯乙烯》
CAS
2016年第1期1-10,共10页
Polyvinyl Chloride
关键词
PVC
生产技术
原料
聚合方法
分散剂
增塑剂
节能
PVC
production technology
raw material
polymerization process
dispersant
plasticizer
energy saving
