摘要
在内蒙古鄂尔多斯市赛乌素地区开展了圆形喷灌机喷灌均匀性试验和苜蓿水肥耦合试验,研究了圆形喷灌机水肥耦合对苜蓿产量的影响。结果表明,建植5a并每年刈割3茬的紫花苜蓿,年需水量为469.4 mm,其各茬产量和水分利用效率(WUE)均逐茬递减,耗水量逐茬增加。适当减少灌水量(80%ETc)不会造成苜蓿的产量下降,但当灌水量减少至60%ETc时,产量会显著下降。苜蓿全年3茬均采用80%ETc的灌水处理可获得产量和WUE的最佳组合。第1茬施用90 kg/hm2的磷钾复合肥,第2、3茬施用70 kg/hm2的尿素时苜蓿的肥料偏生产力(PFP)最高,但不同肥力水平对苜蓿产量无显著影响,在全生长季内水肥耦合效应对苜蓿产量影响均不显著。圆形喷灌机尾枪控制面积内的实际灌水量超过其余控制面积的1/3,但产量未相应增加,建议合理配置尾枪以提高苜蓿水分利用效率。
A test on water application uniformity of center pivot system and field experiment of waterfertilizer coupling on alfalfa were conducted at Saiwusu,Inner Mongolia,to evaluate the effect of water and fertilizer coupling on hay yield by center pivot system. The results show that annual water requirement is 469. 4 mm for alfalfa of fifth years and three harvests every year. Yield and crop water use efficiency decreased by crop,while water consumption increased. No significant differences existed in alfalfa yield between 100% ETcand 80% ETcirrigation level,but 60% ETclevel caused an obvious reduction. It can obtain the best combination of yield and crop water use efficiency when using 80% ETc irrigation level for each harvest. Alfalfa applied with 90 kg / hm^2 phosphate-potassium compound fertilizer for the first crop and 70 kg / hm^2 urea fertilizer for the second crop has the highest partial factor productivity（ PFP）. Neither fertilizer application nor water-fertilizer coupling has no significant effect on alfalfa yield in the whole growing season. The actual irrigation amounts applied by the end gun are one third larger than that in the other circular area of the system,while the hay yield has no corresponding increase. In order to reduce waste of irrigation water,the end gun should be selected properly in center pivot irrigation system.
出处
《农业机械学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2016年第1期133-140,共8页
Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(51321001)
国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)项目(2011AA100506)
土壤植物机器系统技术国家重点实验室开放课题项目(2014-SKL-09)
关键词
紫花苜蓿
圆形喷灌机
喷灌均匀性
水肥耦合
产量
alfalfa
center pivot
water application uniformity
water-fertilizer coupling
yield
