摘要
目的分析广东省某工业区环境铅镉暴露对儿童智力发育的影响,为环境重金属污染的治理提供科学依据。方法选取已被国家环境保护部划入环境重金属污染重点防治区的广东省某工业区所在镇为暴露区,相邻上风侧的镇为对照区。暴露区和对照区调查对象分别为来自所在区域的镇一级小学9～11岁在校学生。采用联合型瑞文智力测验量表中国第二次修订版（CRTC2）对儿童进行智力测验,同时对暴露区和对照区的儿童进行尿铅、尿镉含量检测。结果暴露区儿童尿铅、尿镉含量分别为4.040、1.434μg/L,对照区儿童尿铅、尿镉含量分别为2.136、1.023μg/L,暴露区儿童尿铅、尿镉含量高于对照区儿童（P〈0.01）。暴露区和对照区儿童IQ值分别为103.38和106.23,暴露区儿童IQ值低于对照区（P〈0.01）。多因素线性回归分析结果显示,调整其他影响因素后,尿铅对IQ值有负面影响（β=-4.442,P〈0.05）,而尿镉对IQ值的影响无统计学意义（β=-1.277,P〉0.05）。同时,尿铅、尿镉的交互作用对IQ值的影响也没有统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论环境重金属污染已经对儿童智力发育产生负面影响,应加大对环境重金属污染的治理力度,以降低儿童重金属暴露所带来的健康风险。
Objective To evaluate the possible effect of environmental lead and cadmium exposure on intelligence of children aged 9- 11 years in an industrial zone of Guangdong Province. Methods A town,where the industrial zone of Guangdong Province lay,was selected as exposure area and another town adjacent to the windward side of the exposure area,as a control one. Subjects were children aged 9 to11 years from primary schools in the two towns. IQ of the children was assessed using the Combined Raven＇s Test in China（ CRT-C2）. Meanwhile,their urine levels of lead and cadmium were detected. Results Contents of lead and cadmium in urine of children in exposure area were 4. 040 and 1. 434 μg / L,and those in the control area,2. 136 and 1. 023 μg / L,respectively（ P〈0. 01 for both）. IQ of children in the exposure area（ 103. 38） was lower than that in the control area（ 106. 23）（ P〈0. 01）. Multivariate logistic regression showed that urinary lead was negatively associated with children＇s IQ（ β =- 4. 442,P〈0. 05）,but urine cadmium was not associated with children＇s IQ（ β =- 1. 277,P〉0. 05）,after adjustment for other influencing factors. Meanwhile,no interaction was observed between urine lead and cadmium effects on IQ of the children（ P〉0. 05）. Conclusion Environmental heavy metal pollution has induced negative impact on children＇s mental development. The treatment of heavy metal pollution in the environment should be intensified to reduce the health risk caused by heavy metal exposure in children.
出处
《华南预防医学》
2015年第6期517-520,共4页
South China Journal of Preventive Medicine
基金
广东省医学科学技术研究基金项目(A2012084)
2010年度国家卫生公益性行业科研专项(201002001)
关键词
铅
镉
智力
儿童
Lead
Cadmium
Intelligence
Children
