摘要
意义整体论主张,一个表达式(语言或心智表征)的意义由它与其所在系统内的所有其它表达式之间的关系来确定。一些哲学家认为,意义整体论必然导致种种语言学上的难题,其中之一就是,如果意义整体论正确,人们之间的交流将变成不可能,因为意义整体论必然产生"全局效应",造成意义变化不定,话语理解难以实现。本文认为,哲学家们提出话语理解疑难时,犯了3个重要错误:一是片面理解整体与部分的变化关系;二是混淆了存在论问题与认识论问题;三是对理解(包括话语理解)的错误领会。就前者而言,所谓意义整体论所带来的"变化全局效应"问题,没有区分量变与质变的辩证关系,把所有变化都看成质变。第三个错误将语言的整体属性看为话语理解的充分必要条件,并将理解看成是一个被动机械的行为。本文认为,话语理解涉及的自我、他者和世界之间的互动,才是话语理解的充分必要条件;语词意义的整体性,不是话语理解的充分必要条件,也不是话语理解的障碍。
Meaning holism holds that the meaning of an expression（ linguistic or mental） is determined by its relationship with other expressions in the same system. Some philosophers argue that meaning holism would necessarily lead to various problems,one of which is that it will make understanding of utterance and thus communication impossible because it necessarily leads to a so-called＂global effect of any difference＂. This paper holds that such a claim makes two important mistakes：（ 1） one-sided understanding of the changing relationship between whole and part;（ 2） confusing ontological and epistemological questions;（ 3） misunderstanding of understanding（ including understanding of utterance）. The first mistake lies in its treatment of all changes as qualitative changes with ignorance of quantitative ones. The third mistake regards the holistic property of language as the necessary and sufficient condition of utterance-understanding and treats understanding as a passive mechanic behavior. We hold that the necessary and sufficient condition of utterance understanding is not holistic feature of meaning but the interaction between self,others and the world.
出处
《外语学刊》
CSSCI
北大核心
2016年第1期7-14,共8页
Foreign Language Research
基金
教育部人文社科研究项目"三维意义整体论:先验
构成与生成"(11YJA740086)
四川高校外国语言文学学科建设与发展项目"三维意义整体论:先验
构成与生成"(SC11WY020)的阶段性成果
关键词
意义整体论
话语理解疑难
meaning holism
the puzzle of utterance understanding
