摘要
为比较地下滴灌与膜下滴灌对玉米的影响,以膜下滴灌为对照,开展了地下滴灌3种灌水量(膜下滴灌灌水量的70%、85%和100%)下的田间试验研究。结果表明,地下滴灌玉米耗水量随灌水量的增加而增大。灌水量相同条件下,膜下滴灌较地下滴灌多耗水2.63%。地下滴灌玉米在抽雄开花期日均耗水达到最大,平均为4.10mm/d,膜下滴灌玉米在拔节期达到最大,为5.08mm/d。膜下滴灌玉米株高和茎粗分别在抽雄开花期之前和拔节期之前显著大于地下滴灌处理,进入灌浆期后株高、茎粗与地下滴灌相差不大;地下滴灌能够显著促进玉米根系的生长。相同灌水量条件下,地下滴灌吸水根长较膜下滴灌增加了18.13%,但地下滴灌3种灌水量对玉米株高、茎粗及根系影响不显著。灌水方式及地下滴灌灌水量均对产量影响显著。膜下滴灌较地下滴灌平均增产12.59%。从产量和水分生产效率综合分析,地下滴灌适宜灌水量为膜下滴灌的85%,水分生产效率可达2.92kg/hm^2,产量达到11 154kg/hm^2。
To compare the effects of subsurface drip irrigation and mulched drip irrigation on corn growth,four treatments were designed for corn field test,including a mulched drip irrigation treatment and three subsurface drip irrigation treatments of different irrigation amounts（70%,85%and 100%of mulched drip irrigation water amount）.The results showed that corn water consumption under subsurface drip irrigation increased with the increase of irrigation water amount.Under same irrigation water amount,corn water consumption of mulched drip irrigation increased by 2.63%compared to subsurface drip irrigation.Under the subsurface drip irrigation,corn average daily water consumption reached the maximum in flowering stage,which was 4.10mm/d.However,under the mulched drip irrigation,corn average daily water consumption reached the maximum in jointing stage,which was 5.08mm/d.For corn plant height and stem diameter,those under mulched drip irrigation was significantly greater than subsurface drip irrigation before flowering stage and jointing stage,respectively,but those under mulched drip irrigation was the same as subsurface drip irrigation after entering the milking stage.Subsurface drip irrigation could significantly promote the growth of corn root.Under the same irrigation water amount,water absorption root length of subsurface drip irrigation treatment increased by 18.13% than mulched drip irrigation treatment.Irrigation water amount of subsurface drip irrigation did not significantly affect corn plant height,stem diameter and root.The irrigation modes and irrigation water amount of subsurface drip irrigation affected corn yield significantly.The corn yield of mulched drip irrigation increased by 12.59%than the average corn yield of subsurface drip irrigation treatments.According to comprehensive analysis for yield and water use efficiency,for subsurface drip irrigation,the suitable irrigation water amount was 85% of mulched drip irrigation water amount,water use efficiency was 2.92kg/hm^2,and yield was 11 154kg/hm^2.
出处
《灌溉排水学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第12期93-98,共6页
Journal of Irrigation and Drainage
基金
国家863高新技术项目(2011AA100507
2014BAD12B05)
关键词
灌水方式
地下滴灌
灌水量
玉米
irrigation modes
subsurface drip irrigation
irrigation water amount
corn
