摘要
Purpose： The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of horizontal and vertical velocities at the landing of the last step of approach run on the performance and optimal phase ratio of the triple jump. Methods： Three-dimensional kinematic data of 13 elite male triple jumpers were obtained during a competition. Computer simulations were performed using a biomechanical model of the triple jump to determine the longest actual distance using the optimal phase ratio with altered horizontal and vertical velocities at the landing of the last step of approach run. Results： The actual distance obtained using the optimal phase ratio significantly increased as the horizontal velocity at the landing of the last step of approach run increased （p = 0.001） and the corresponding downward vertical velocity decreased （p = 0.001）. Increasing horizontal velocity at the landing of the last step of approach run decreased optimal hop percentage and increased optimal jump percentage （p = 0.001）, while decreasing corresponding downward vertical velocity increased optimal hop percentage and decreased optimal jump percentage （p = 0.001）. Conclusion： The effects of the velocities at the landing of the last step of approach run on the optimal phase ratio were generally small and did not qualitatively alter optimal techniques.
目的:确定三级跳远助跑最后一步着陆时水平和垂直速度对三级跳的远度和最佳阶段比的影响。方法:从比赛中获取13位高水平男子三级跳远运动员的三维运动学数据。通过计算机模拟方法,用三级跳远生物力学模型确定最长实际距离,即通过改变助跑最后一步着陆时的水平和垂直速度来获取最佳阶段比。结果:当助跑最后一步着陆时水平速度增加(p=0.001)相应的向下垂直速度降低(p=0.001)时,使用最佳阶段比获得的实际距离显著增加。增加助跑最后一步着陆时水平速度会降低最优单脚跳比率,并增加最优双脚跳比率(p=0.001);同时,降低相应的向下垂直速度则会增加最优单脚跳比率,但减少最优双脚跳比率(p=0.001)。结论:三级跳远助跑最后一步着陆时的速度对最佳阶段比的影响总体上很小,不会明显改变最佳技术。
基金
partially supported by a research grant from China Sport Administration (No. 2014B057)
