摘要
A large amount of radioactivity was released into the environment after the Fukushima nuclear accident （FNA） in Japan in 2011. This radioactivity had a significant impact on the global environment, and there was much public concern about its effects. The subsequent assessment of the FNA and the environmental remediation required are proving to be long and complicated tasks. The assessments are based on the radioactive source terms for the FNA, which determine the level of damage caused by the nuclear accident. We investigated the radioactive source terms from three aspects： the amount and composition of the radionuclides; the activity and atomic ratio of the radionuclides; and comparison with other historical events. The total amount of radioactivity, excluding the radioactive noble gases （85Kr and 133Xe）, released by the FNA was about 10% of that released by the Chernobyl nuclear accident in 1986 and 〈1%o of the global fallout from the atmosphere nuclear explosion. However, the FNA was the most serious nuclear accident in terms of radioactive pollution of the marine environment. The recovery actions carried out after the FNA have been evaluated and the environmental impacts of the FNA are discussed.
大量放射性在 2011 在日本在 Fukushima 原子事故(FNA ) 以后被释放进环境。这放射性在全球环境上有重要影响，并且关于它的效果有公共担心。对 FNA 和环境补习的随后的评价正在证明要求是长、复杂的任务。评价为 FNA 基于放射性的来源术语，它决定原子事故引起的损坏的水平。我们从三个方面调查了放射性的来源术语：放射性核种的数量和作文；这项活动和放射性核种的原子比率；并且有另外的历史的事件的比较。放射性的全部的数量，排除放射性的高贵气体(<sup>85</sup > Kr 和 <sup>133</sup > Xe ) ，由 FNA 释放了那中的大约 10% 个被切尔诺贝利原子事故在 1986 释放并且 < 从空气的 1 全球放射性尘埃原子爆炸。然而， FNA 以海洋的环境的放射性的污染是最严重的原子事故。在 FNA 以后执行的恢复行动被评估了， FNA 的环境影响被讨论。
基金
China Polar Science Strategy Foundation(Grant No.20120316)
Tsinghua University Initiative Scientific Research Program(Grant No.20111080965)
the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11205094&41106167)
