摘要
现代汉语中的“有的是”是表示主观大量的习语词。它是从句式“S有的是NP”的跨层组合截取而来的,在词汇化过程中经历了语义主观化。句式“S有的是NP”在语境中受言语交际的足量准则的作用,获得“S有的仅是NP”的会话含义;接着,在认知上的视角转换机制的作用下,遵循限定算子与全称量词置换律,进一步引申出“S有的都是NP”这种语用推理义;最后,在“都”的语义主观化因素的作用下,从“S有的都是NP”义引申出“S的NP很多”这种语境义。当“S的NP很多”义固化为“S有的是NP”的字面意义时,句式“S有的是NP”就已构式化了。构式意义反作用于其组成成分使得“有的是”获得“很多”义。
Youdeshi （有的是）in Mandarin Chinese is an idiom subjectively emphasizing large quantity. Originally it was a part of ＂S you de shi NP＂. During its lexicalization, it experienced a semantic subjectivization. The sentence pattern ＂S you de shi NP＂ obtained a conversational implicature which can be expressed as ＂S have only NP＂, triggered by the Enough Quantity Maxim of the Cooperative Principle in a particular context. After that, dominated by a cognitive mechanism of perspective shift, following the interconversion law between restrictive operator and universal quantifier, the sentence ＂S you de shi NP＂ got a pragmatic inference meaning ＂all what S have are NP＂ from the conversational implicature of ＂S have only NP＂. At last, influenced by the subjectivisation of dou （都）, the meaning ＂all what S have are NP＂ of ＂S you de dou shi NP＂ changed into ＂S have many/much NP＂. When the contextual meaning ＂S have many/much NP＂ fossilized into the literal meaning of ＂S you de shi NP＂, ＂S youdeshi NP＂ became a construction. Its constructional meaning was absorbed by its part so that youdeshi obtained the meaning ＂only＂.
出处
《语言教学与研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2016年第1期96-103,共8页
Language Teaching and Linguistic Studies
基金
江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目(PAPD)的资助
关键词
有的是
足量准则
视角转换
语用推理
youdeshi
enough quantity maxim
perspective change
pragmatic inference
