摘要
【目的】黄泥田是中国南方稻作区主要的中低产田之一土壤微生物和团聚体组分是影响黄泥田土壤肥力及生产力的重要因素,研究长期施肥对其影响为黄泥田土壤肥力评价与培肥技术提供理论依据。【方法】以福建省黄泥田28年长期定位施肥试验为基础,设4个处理为对照（不施肥,CK）、氮磷钾肥（NPK）、氮磷钾肥＋牛粪（NPKM）、氮磷钾肥＋秸秆还田（NPKS）。采集0-20 cm耕层土壤样品,利用磷脂脂肪酸分析技术研究了土壤微生物群落结构,并用湿筛法测定了水稳性团聚体组分特征。【结果】与CK相比施肥增加土壤微生物磷脂脂肪酸种类数16.67%-38.89%提高土壤微生物总量26.71%-47.30%,其中细菌、真菌和放线菌等数值差异均达显著水平;长期不施肥（CK）易导致土壤中放线菌缺乏而NPKM更有利于提升土壤微生物菌群种类与数量。土壤磷脂脂肪酸第一和第二主成分分析综合了89.80%方差贡献率,提取出C17：1w8（细菌G-）、C12：0（细菌）、cy19：0w8（伯克霍尔德菌）、C17：0（节杆菌）、C18：1w7（假单胞杆菌）、C10Mel7：0（放线菌）等6种主要变异信息。此外,NPKM与NPKS可增加0.25-2.0 mm水稳性团聚体4.74-8.47个百分点,各施肥处理该粒径下C、N含量分别提高1.63%-32.58%和3.82%-13.74%。NPKS有利于促进〉0.25 mm大团粒结构形成而NPKM更有利于提升不同粒径下C、N含量。细菌、放线菌和微生物总量与水稳性团聚体0.25-2.0 mm粒径呈显著的正相关（P〈0.05）与水稳性团聚体〈0.25 mm粒径呈显著的负相关细菌、微生物总量与不同粒径碳含量均呈极显著正相关。【结论】黄泥田合理施肥可显著地提高土壤微生物群落数量及含量,促进〉0.25 mm团聚体形成,增加不同粒径团聚体C、N含量,其中NPKM对黄泥田培肥地力的效果最好。
[Objectives]Yellow clayey paddy field is one of the major middle 4ow-yielding fields in southern China.Soil microorganism and aggregate composition affect the soil fertility and productivity.Study on the effect of fertilization on them will help understanding the mechanism of building soil fertility through reasonable fertilization.[Methods]The 28-years＇ long term field fertilizer experiment in Fujian Province was used for the investigation.There were four treatments,CK（without fertilizer）,NPK（fertilizer N,P and K）,NPKM（NPK plus cattle manure） and NPKS（NPK plus rice straw）.The soil samples were collected in the 0-20 cm soil layer,phospholipid fatty acid technique and wet screening method were employed to study the microbial community structure and water-stable aggregate composition,respectively.[Results]Compared with CK,the long-term fertilization could increase the types of soil microbial phospholipid fatty acid by 16.67%- 38.89%and soil microbial biomass by 26.71%-47.30%,which had significant differences of bacterial,fungi and actinomycetes.The no fertilization could lead to the shortage of actinomycetes,but the fertilization with cattle manure（NPKM）could promote the species and amount of soil microbial.The first and second principal components explained 89.80%of the total variance in soil phospholidid fatty acids which extracted six main variables,C17：1w8（Gram-negative bacteria）,C12：0（bacteria）,cy19：Ow8（Burkholderia）,C17：0（Arthrobacter）,C18：1w7（Pseudomonas）,and C10Mel7：0（Actinobacteria）.Meanwhile the NPKM and NPKS treatments could increase the ratios of 0.25-2.0mm water-stable aggregate by 4.74-8.47 percentage points,and the fertilization could increase the contents of C and N in above aggregate by 1.63%-32.58%and 3.82%-13.74%,respectively.The NPKS treatment could promote the formation of water-stable aggregate larger than 0.25 mm.The NPKM treatment could increase the contents of C and N in aggregate with different sizes.There were significantly positiv
出处
《植物营养与肥料学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第6期1599-1606,共8页
Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers
基金
公益性行业(农业)科研行业专项(201203030)
福建省公益类科研院所专项(2015R1022-5)资助
关键词
长期施肥
黄泥田
土壤微生物
团聚体
磷脂脂肪酸
long-term fertilization
yellow clayey paddy
soil microbe
aggregate
phospholipid fatty acid
