摘要
目的分析超低及极低出生体重儿的早产原因、并发症发生情况及死亡原因等。方法超低及极低出生体重儿115例，13例出生体质量〈1000g者为超低出生体重组，102例出生体质量1000-1500g者为极低出生体重组，分析2组早产原因，比较住院时间、并发症发生率及病死率。结果（1）胎膜早破、妊娠高血压病及多胎妊娠为导致早产的主要原因；（2）2组患儿均合并1种或多种并发症，超低出生体重组呼吸窘迫综合征、肺炎、早产儿脑损伤、早产儿贫血及喂养不耐受发生率（92．3％、69．2％、53．8％、76．9％、61．5％）高于极低出生体重组（45．1％、40．2％、26．5％、41．2％、28．4％）（P〈0．05）；（3）超低出生体重组治疗有效率（53．8％）低于极低出生体重组（81．4％），总病死率（46．2％）高于极低出生体重组（18．2％），住院时间[（31．5±5．1）d]较极低出生体重组[（23．7±6．4）d]长（P〈0．05）；（4）导致极低及超低体重儿死亡的主要原因是呼吸窘迫综合征、感染和早产儿脑损伤。结论加强围生期保健，避免孕母高危因素，有助于预防早产发生；早产儿出生体质量与治疗有效率、并发症发生率和病死率有关；合并呼吸窘迫综合征、感染及早产儿脑损伤是导致预后不良的主要因素。
Objective To review the reason for the premature, the incidence of complications and the cause of death in very and extremely low-birth-weight neonates. Methods A total of 115 cases of very and extremely low-birth-weight neonates were divided into extremely low-birth-weight group （n= 13, birth body mass 〈1000 g） and very low-birth- weight group （n= 102, birth body mass ranging from 1 000 to 1500 g）. The reasons for the premature, the median hospitalization stay, the incidence of complications and the fatality were analyzed in two groups. Results The common risk factors of preterm birth included premature rupture of membranes, hypertensive disorders in pregnancy and multiple pregnancy. All premature infants had one or more complications. The incidences of neonatal respiratory distress sydrome, pneumonia, cerebral injury, anemia and feeding intolerance in premature infants showed significant differences between very low-birth-weight group （92. 3%, 69. 2%, 53. 8%, 76. 9%, 61. 5%） and extremely low-birth-weight group （45.1%, 40.2%, 26.5%, 41.2%, 28. 4o./oo） （P%0.05）. The total effective rate in extremely low-birth-weight group was 53.8%, significantly lower than that in very low-birth-weight group （81.4%） （P〈0.05）. The total fatality rate was significantly higher and the median length of hospital was significantly longer in extremely low-birth-weight group （46.2%, （31.5±5.1） days） than those in very low-birth-weight group （18.2%, （23.7±6.4） days） （P〈0.05）. The common cause of death included neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, infection and cerebral injury. Conclusiou To strengthen the health care in the perinatal period and prevent the happening of the premature birth is one of the effective methods to reduce neonatal fatality. The birth body mass is correlated with the therapeutic effective rate, the incidence of complications and the fatality. The common causes of poor prognosis include neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, infection and cerebral injury
出处
《中华实用诊断与治疗杂志》
2015年第12期1207-1209,共3页
Journal of Chinese Practical Diagnosis and Therapy
关键词
早产儿
早产原因
并发症
死亡原因
Premature infants
reason for premature
complications
cause of death
