摘要
目的调查装修后居室内甲醛污染状况,探讨有效的防护措施。方法于2013年3月—2014年7月间对334户新装修居室内甲醛浓度进行现场检测并对居家人员开展问卷调查。计数资料采用χ^2检验,P〈0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果装修后的居室甲醛浓度范围为0.011-0.367 mg/m^3,平均浓度为0.108 mg/m^3,总超标率为43.3%(334/772),装修后3个月内甲醛的超标率为81.2%(56/69),3个月后甲醛超标率逐渐下降,3-5月和6-11月超标率分别为59.3%(134/226)、36.7%(110/300),12-18月后降至24.3%(43/177)。超标组各类不良反应的发生率均高于未超标组,差异均有统计学意义(均P〈0.05),装修后入住时间〈3、3-6、6-12、12-18月的不良反应发生率分别为87.8%(36/41)、78.0%(103/132)、55.7%(54/97)和38.8%(19/49),居家人员不良反应的发生率随入住时间的延长逐渐降低,差异有统计学意义(χ^2=37.269,P〈0.05)。采用经常开窗通风,种植绿萝、吊兰等植物、使用环保家具的住户室内甲醛污染的超标率分别为66.3%(112/169)、71.4%(145/203)、72.9%(113/155),均低于未采取相应措施的住户的94.0%(141/150)、93.1%(108/116)、85.4%(140/164),差异均有统计学意义(均P〈0.05)。结论新装修居室空气中甲醛浓度大多数超标,住户可能会出现各种不适症状,采取一定的防护措施可减少甲醛污染对人体健康的影响。
Objective To evaluate the contamination status of formaldehyde in newly decorated residences, and to find solutions to control indoor air pollution.Methods Concentrations of formaldehyde were detected in 334 newly decorated residences in Nanyang between March 2013 and July 2014. In addition, housing characteristics were documented through a questionnaire filled by corresponding occupants.Count data was used by chi square test, P〈0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results The range of concentration of formaldehyde was 0.011- 0.367 mg/m^3. The average was 0.108 mg/m^3, and the over- limit ratio was43.3%(334/772). The formaldehyde disqualified rates were 81.2%(56/69), 59.3%(134/226), 36.7%(110/300) and 24.3%(43/177)in residences which were decorated within 3 months, 3- 6 months,6- 12 months and 12- 18 months.The incidence rates of disease symptoms in formaldehyde disqualified residences were significantly higher than those of formaldehyde qualified residences(all P〈0.05).Meanwhile, the incidence rates of disease symptoms were 87.8%(36/41),78.0%(103/132), 55.7%(54/97) and 38.8%(19/49) in residences which were decorated within 3, 3- 6, 6- 12 and 12- 18 months, and the incidence rates significantly decreased with the time( χ^2=37.269, P〈0.05). Comparing different protective measures, the exposure of formaldehyde in residences with usual ventilation[66.3%(112/169)], raising green plants[71.4%(145/203)], or using environment friendly furniture[72.9%(113/155)]were significantly lower than that in residences without these measures [94.0%(141/150),93.1%(108/116)、85.4%(140/164)](all P0.05).Conclusion Formaldehyde shows high disqualified rate in newly decorated residences, indicating that these houses need adopt protective measures to reduce exposure of formaldehyde.
出处
《社区医学杂志》
2015年第21期5-7,共3页
Journal Of Community Medicine
关键词
空气污染
室内
甲醛
装修
Air pollution
Indoor
Formaldehyde
Decoration