摘要
人类活动对河川径流的影响日趋强烈,一定程度上破坏了样本的一致性,以致部分实测资料已无法满足水资源评价和水利水电工程设计的要求。尤其是在地下水强扰动地区,受地下水开发利用数据缺乏、不确定性大、计算过程复杂等因素的影响,常规逐项还原法的还原精度很难保证,存在还原失真问题。因此,探索一种简单实用、精度满足规范要求的面向地下水强扰动区的径流还原计算方法尤为迫切。为此,在常规分项调查法的基础上,借鉴河川基流分割的思路,提出基流还原与分项调查法相结合的改进方法。通过对陕北地区3个资料条件较好的水文站开展实例研究,发现改进方法与常规方法的还原效果较为接近,且对不同地貌类型和不同地下水扰动程度的地区皆表现出较好的适用性。研究表明:改进分项调查法与常规方法相比,对数据范围和数量的要求更小,仅需实测径流和地表分项调查资料即可完成径流还原计算,可避免由于地下水开发利用资料缺乏或序列过短而造成的还原失真问题,且可获得较为合理计算结果,满足水资源评价和工程设计要求。该方法对于地下水强扰动且资料缺乏地区的径流还原计算具有参考价值。
The impacts of human activities on river runoff are becoming more and more serious in recent years, resulting in a difficulty of using the measured runoff in water resources assessment and hydroelectric project design because of the inconsistency of measured time series. This situation is especially common in regions where the impacts are intensive and extensive and the data for groundwater development is lacking or subject to great uncertainty. These difficulties may further cause a complication and low accuracy in estimation of the unimpaired or natural runoff time series. It is therefore necessary and urgent to find a simple, practical and accurate method of time series restoring for the regions of groundwater strongly disturbed by human activities. In this study, we have developed an improved method of natural runoff calculation that incorporates the idea of base flow separation and item-by-item investigation. Three cases were studied to investigate the feasibility of our method. The study shows that this improved method gave results quite close to those of the conventional restoring methods and it shows better applicability to regions with diverse landscapes and different degrees of groundwater disturbances.Particularly, it can complete natural runoff calculations using smaller amount of data in comparison with the conventional methods. Actually, for a restoring calculation it only needs the measured runoff data and the data of surface water consumption that can be obtained using item-by-item investigation, hence avoiding the restoring distortion caused by inadequate groundwater data. Case studies verified that the improved method is rational, reliable, and applicable to water resources engineering designs. Thus, the method is of great value in natural runoff calculation for the regions where groundwater is significantly disturbed or groundwater data is inadequate.
出处
《水力发电学报》
EI
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第11期95-105,共11页
Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(51009009
51379014)
陕西省科学技术研究发展计划项目(2014KJXX-54)
关键词
工程水文
径流还原
地下水强扰动
分项调查法
基流分割
engineering hydrology
natural runoff calculation
great disturbance in groundwater
item- by-item investigation method
base flow separation
