摘要
利用1960—2012年江苏地区43个气象站20 cm口径蒸发皿观测资料及其相关气象要素分析了江苏地区蒸发量的气候变化特征和影响因子。结果表明:年蒸发量整体呈减小的趋势,平均10 a减少18.6 mm,其中20世纪80年代较60年代减少了127.0 mm,减少幅度为8.5%;21世纪初较80年代增加了49.8 mm,增加幅度为3.6%;夏、冬两季蒸发量减少较明显,春、秋两季不显著。年蒸发量减少站点占台站总数的76.7%,其余为无显著变化站点;淮北地区蒸发量减少显著,而苏南地区缓慢减少,它们的气候倾向率的变幅较明显,极值分别为新沂的-84.9 mm/10 a和丹阳的-7.9 mm/10 a。江苏地区近53 a与蒸发量相关的气象要素分析显示:气温、水汽压呈增加的趋势,日照百分率、相对湿度、风速、云量呈明显减少的趋势,降水无明显变化;且日照百分率和平均风速是蒸发量变化的主要气象影响因子。M-K检验证实了年蒸发量、年日照百分率和年平均风速均呈现明显减少的趋势。
Based on pan evaporation data and other meteorological observation data at 43 weather stations in Jiangsu province from 1960 to 2012,climate variation of pan evaporation and its impact factors were analyzed. The results indicate that annual evaporation is in a decreasing trend as a whole,and its decreasing rate is 18. 6 mm per decade. Evaporation in 1980 s is 127 mm less than that in 1960 s and the decreasing rate is 8. 5%,while that in early2000 s is 49. 8 mm more than that in 1980 s and the increasing rate is 3. 6%. Evaporation decreases significantly in summer and winter,while it is not significant in spring and autumn. Stations with annual evaporation reduction account for 76. 7% of the total stations,while other stations have no significant change. Evaporation decreases significantly in Huaibei region and slowly in the south of Jiangsu province. Difference of amplitude of both climate tendency rates is obvious,and the maximum and minimum values are-84. 9 mm per decade in Xinyi and-7. 9 mm per decade in Danyang respectively. Analysis of correlation with evaporation suggests that air temperature and vapor pressure are in increasing trends; sunshine percentages,relative humidity,wind speed,cloud cover are in significantly decreasing trends; precipitation remains no significant change. Among all meteorological factors,sunshine percentages and average wind speed are major meteorological impact factors for evaporation change. M-K test also confirms that annual evaporation,sunshine percentages,and average wind speed have significantly decreasing trends.
出处
《气象与环境学报》
2015年第5期134-140,共7页
Journal of Meteorology and Environment
基金
农业科技成果转化资金项目(2012GB24160605)资助
